Factor XI
F11proteinFactor XI activation by thrombin and contact factors amplifies intrinsic coagulation in post-rupture and post-erosion thrombosis, driving coronary occlusion.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencehigh
RationaleIntrinsic pathway; arterial thromboembolism predictor; contact system.
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates4
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000088926
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength11
T1DI (composite)2
Specificity differential (R−C)-52
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
Coverage: 1/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 3 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(12)
- Multi-omics data integration from patients with carotid stenosis illuminates key molecular signatures of atherosclerotic instability.Genome medicine · 2026 · PMID 41652626 · doi
- Novel factors affecting fibrin clot formation and their clinical implications.Polish archives of internal medicine · 2024 · PMID 39503573 · doi
- Elevated plasma factor XI predicts cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a long-term observational study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023 · PMID 37460982 · doi
- Factor XII Activation Promotes Platelet Consumption in the Presence of Bacterial-Type Long-Chain Polyphosphate In Vitro and In Vivo.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2018 · PMID 30354195 · doi
- Factor XIa and Thrombin Generation Are Elevated in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Predict Recurrent Cardiovascular Events.PloS one · 2016 · PMID 27419389 · doi
- Increased factor XIa levels in patients with a first acute myocardial infarction: the introduction of a new thrombin generation based factor XIa assay.Thrombosis research · 2014 · PMID 25288467 · doi
- High-molecular-weight kininogen and the intrinsic coagulation pathway in patients with de novo acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2013 · PMID 24096571 · doi
- Genetic associations for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, their gene expression profiles, and risk of coronary artery disease.American journal of human genetics · 2012 · PMID 22703881 · doi
- Active tissue factor and activated factor XI in circulating blood of patients with systolic heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej · 2010 · PMID 20864906
- Factor XIa and tissue factor activity in patients with coronary artery disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2008 · PMID 18217146 · doi
- Plasmin-mediated activation of contact system in response to pharmacological thrombolysis.Circulation · 1995 · PMID 7805216 · doi
- Hemostatic abnormalities in acute myocardial infarction as detected by specific blood markers.Thrombosis research · 1994 · PMID 7863479 · doi