All molecules

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1,969 molecules

Molecule	Type	Pathway step	Conf.	Refs ▼	Trials	Omics	Evidence	Mechanism
LDL cholesterol	lipoprotein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	60	6	—	—	LDL accumulation in the arterial intima is the initiating substrate of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Oxidized LDL	lipoprotein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	60	2	—	—	Oxidized LDL drives plaque formation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in atherothrombotic disease.
HDL	lipoprotein	Lipid entry/oxidation	medium	60	—	—	—	HDL exerts atheroprotective effects via reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant activity, and endothelial stabilization.
C-reactive protein CRP	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	60	8	—	✦◆	hs-CRP is a systemic inflammatory marker reflecting plaque-driven inflammation and predicting atherothrombotic events.
Interleukin-6 IL6	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	60	1	—	✦◆	IL-6 promotes plaque inflammation and leukocyte recruitment, accelerating atherosclerotic instability and thrombotic risk.
TNF-α TNF	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	60	1	—	✦◆	TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, macrophage recruitment, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress dr
von Willebrand factor VWF	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	60	—	—	◆	vWF exposure following endothelial activation enables platelet adhesion and thrombotic cascade initiation.
P-selectin SELP	protein	Platelet activation	high	60	—	—	✦◆	P-selectin mediates platelet activation and adhesion to endothelium, driving thrombotic cascade in MI.
D-dimer	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	60	1	—	—	D-dimer indicates active coagulation and thrombus formation during acute coronary events.
Fibrinogen FGA	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	60	—	—	◆	Fibrinogen is the substrate for thrombin-driven fibrin polymerization forming the occlusive coronary thrombus.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 SERPINE1	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	medium	60	—	—	✦◆	PAI-1 inhibits fibrinolysis and promotes a prothrombotic state favoring coronary thrombus formation and persistence.
Cardiac troponin I TNNI3	protein	Myocardial injury	high	60	2	—	✦◆	Cardiac troponin I is released from damaged cardiomyocytes following myocardial ischemia and necrosis and is the gold-standard biomarker for acute MI diagnosis,
B-type natriuretic peptide NPPB	protein	Systemic / off-pathway	high	60	1	—	✦◆	BNP reflects post-infarction cardiac insufficiency and hemodynamic strain, operating off the atherothrombotic axis.
Soluble CD40 ligand CD40LG	protein	Platelet activation	high	59	—	—	✦◆	sCD40L released from activated platelets amplifies endothelial dysfunction and platelet–leukocyte thrombotic crosstalk.
Interleukin-1β IL1B	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	57	—	—	◆	Interleukin-1β is a central inflammasome-derived cytokine that orchestrates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, promotes endothelial dysfunction and procoagula
CK-MB CKM	protein	Myocardial injury	high	51	1	—	◆	CK-MB is a cardiac enzyme released following myocardial necrosis and serves as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of infarct size and adverse outcomes in acu
Apolipoprotein B APOB	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	49	3	—	✦◆	ApoB-containing lipoproteins are retained in the subendothelium and oxidatively modified, initiating atherogenesis.
Thrombin-antithrombin complex	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	48	—	—	—	Thrombin-antithrombin complex is a marker of tissue-factor-triggered coagulation activation and thrombin generation, indicating active thrombus formation in acu
Troponin T TNNT2	protein	Myocardial injury	high	47	6	—	✦◆	Cardiac troponin T is released from damaged cardiomyocytes following myocardial ischemia and necrosis and is the primary biomarker for acute MI diagnosis, progn
Lipoprotein(a) LPA	lipoprotein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	46	19	—	✦◆	Lipoprotein(a) is an ApoB-containing lipoprotein retained in the subendothelial intima where it undergoes oxidative modification; its apo(a) moiety confers inde
sVCAM-1 VCAM1	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	44	—	—	◆	Soluble VCAM-1 is an endothelial adhesion molecule upregulated during endothelial activation and dysfunction; it mediates leukocyte recruitment into atheroscler
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ICAM1	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	43	—	—	◆	sICAM-1 reflects endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques and coronary injury sites.
Tissue Factor F3	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	41	1	—	◆	Tissue Factor is exposed on thrombogenic lipid-core material after plaque rupture, triggering Factor VIIa and thrombin generation.
Myeloperoxidase MPO	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	40	1	—	✦◆	Myeloperoxidase oxidizes LDL and generates reactive oxygen species in atherosclerotic plaques, promoting inflammation and endothelial dysfunction; also a marker
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 MMP9	protein	Cap degradation / rupture	high	39	—	—	✦◆	MMP-9 degrades extracellular matrix in the atherosclerotic fibrous cap, promoting rupture and thrombotic exposure.
Growth differentiation factor 15 GDF15	protein	Systemic / off-pathway	medium	39	—	—	✦◆	GDF15 reflects systemic stress, cardiac injury, and post-infarction remodeling, operating on a parallel outcome axis.
Tissue plasminogen activator PLAT	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	38	—	—	✦◆	Tissue plasminogen activator is released during coronary thrombosis and serves as a marker of fibrinolytic activity and thrombus burden in acute MI.
Fibrinopeptide A	peptide	Coagulation / thrombus	high	37	—	—	—	Fibrinopeptide A is released during thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization, marking coagulation activation in coronary thrombosis.
Platelet Factor 4 PF4	protein	Platelet activation	high	32	—	—	◆	PF4 is released upon platelet activation and serves as an early biomarker of platelet recruitment and thrombus formation in Type 1 MI.
Apolipoprotein A-I APOA1	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	30	1	—	◆	ApoA-I is the major HDL component mediating reverse cholesterol transport and endothelial protective effects; reduced levels indicate atherosclerotic burden.
E-selectin SELE	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	30	—	—	◆	E-selectin expression on endothelium marks activation and enables leukocyte rolling and adhesion during plaque inflammation and erosion.
Prothrombin fragment 1+2 F2	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	29	—	—	✦◆	F1+2 release quantifies activated prothrombin conversion, reflecting the rate of thrombin generation and coagulation activation.
Interleukin-10 IL10	protein	Vascular inflammation	medium	28	—	—	◆	Interleukin-10 is a protective anti-inflammatory cytokine that restrains atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and macrophage activation; its reduction by oxidize
Apolipoprotein E APOE	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	medium	26	—	1	✦◆	Apolipoprotein E is a lipoprotein structural protein and receptor ligand whose genetic polymorphisms influence LDL metabolism, lipoprotein retention, and athero
PCSK9 PCSK9	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	25	20	1	✦◆	PCSK9 regulates LDL-receptor degradation, controlling LDL-C levels and subendothelial lipid retention underlying atherosclerosis.
Beta-Thromboglobulin PPBP	protein	Platelet activation	high	25	—	1	◆	Beta-thromboglobulin is released upon platelet activation and serves as an early AMI biomarker of platelet recruitment.
Integrin alpha IIb ITGA2B	protein	Platelet activation	high	25	—	—	✦◆	ITGA2B-encoded integrin αIIb subunit forms the αIIbβ3 receptor essential for platelet aggregation and coronary thrombus formation in Type 1 MI.
Thrombin	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	25	1	—	—	Thrombin is generated by tissue-factor-triggered coagulation and drives fibrin polymerization and platelet activation in coronary thrombosis.
Fibrinogen Beta Chain FGB	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	25	—	—	◆	Fibrinogen polymerizes into fibrin scaffolding the occlusive coronary thrombus and amplifies platelet aggregation.
Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 PLA2G7	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	24	4	—	✦◆	Lp-PLA2 generates inflammatory mediators from oxidized lipids within atherosclerotic plaques, promoting destabilization and rupture.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 CCL2	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	24	—	—	◆	MCP-1 recruits monocytes to the atherosclerotic plaque and inflamed endothelium, sustaining plaque destabilization.
Prothrombin Fragment 1+2	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	24	—	—	—	Prothrombin fragment 1+2 is released during tissue-factor-triggered coagulation, indicating thrombin generation during coronary thrombosis.
Lysophosphatidylcholine	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	medium	23	—	—	—	Lysophosphatidylcholine, a bioactive lipid species derived from lipoprotein remodeling, promotes atherosclerosis and altered lipid homeostasis in Type 1 MI.
thrombomodulin THBD	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	23	—	—	◆	Thrombomodulin shedding from damaged endothelium impairs anticoagulation and indicates endothelial erosion/dysfunction in acute coronary events.
Lectin-like Oxidized LDL Receptor 1	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	22	—	—	—	LOX-1 mediates uptake of oxidized LDL by endothelial cells and macrophages, fueling plaque lipid accumulation and inflammation.
Nitric oxide	metabolite	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	22	3	—	—	Nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells regulates vasodilation and suppresses platelet adhesion; reduced bioavailability reflects endothelial dysfunction and
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase NOS3	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	22	—	—	✦◆	Endothelial NOS catalyzes NO production essential for vasodilation and platelet inhibition; dysfunction contributes to endothelial erosion and thrombosis.
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein	lipoprotein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	21	—	—	—	VLDL, an apoB-containing atherogenic lipoprotein, accumulates in the arterial intima where it undergoes oxidative modification, initiating atherosclerotic plaqu
Interleukin-18 IL18	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	21	—	—	◆	Interleukin-18 is an inflammasome-processed cytokine that promotes atherosclerotic inflammation, immune activation, and plaque destabilization in the atherothro
ST2 IL1RL1	protein	Systemic / off-pathway	high	21	—	—	◆	ST2 signals myocardial stress and remodeling response post-infarction, serving as an off-pathway hemodynamic/mechanical stress indicator.
Interleukin-8 CXCL8	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	20	—	—	✦◆	IL-8 is released during plaque inflammation and endothelial activation, recruiting neutrophils and amplifying platelet activation.
Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFA	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	20	1	—	◆	VEGF promotes endothelial repair, angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization following myocardial injury and revascularization therapy.
Glycoprotein VI GP6	protein	Platelet activation	high	20	—	—	✦◆	GPVI binds exposed collagen upon cap rupture or erosion, triggering platelet adhesion, activation, and thrombus propagation.
CD31	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	19	—	—	—	CD31 marks endothelial cell activation and erosion in sEVs, indicating endothelial dysfunction and superficial erosion in Type 1 MI pathology.
Fibrin	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	19	—	1	—	Fibrin polymerization forms the structural matrix of the occlusive coronary thrombus, with impaired fibrinolysis predicting worse outcomes.
Phosphatidylcholine	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	18	—	—	—	Phosphatidylcholine species composition of lipoproteins and plaques reflects atherogenesis severity and plaque lipid core character.
Adiponectin ADIPOQ	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	18	—	—	◆	Adiponectin suppresses plaque inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, exerting cardioprotection against atherothrombotic injury.
Glycoprotein Ib GP1BA	protein	Platelet activation	high	18	—	—	◆	GPIb mediates platelet tethering to exposed von Willebrand factor at the site of endothelial rupture or erosion, initiating platelet adhesion and activation.
H-FABP FABP3	protein	Myocardial injury	high	18	1	—	◆	H-FABP is released early from myocardial ischemia and necrosis, serving as an early biomarker of cardiomyocyte injury in acute MI.
Sphingomyelin	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	medium	17	—	—	—	Sphingomyelin alters LDL aggregation susceptibility and membrane integrity, contributing to lipid retention and oxidative modification in the atherosclerotic le
LDL Receptor LDLR	gene	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	17	3	1	✦◆	LDLR mediates LDL endocytosis; mutations impair LDL clearance, driving lipid retention and accelerated atherogenesis.
homocysteine	metabolite	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	17	—	—	—	Elevated homocysteine impairs endothelial function and promotes oxidative modification of LDL, accelerating atherosclerotic lipid retention and plaque vulnerabi
antithrombin III SERPINC1	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	medium	17	—	—	✦◆	Antithrombin III is consumed during thrombin-driven thrombus formation, and its depletion indicates active coagulation in acute infarction.
Cystatin C CST3	protein	Systemic / off-pathway	high	17	—	—	✦◆	Cystatin C reflects glomerular filtration and renal function; elevated levels indicate cardiorenal risk and mortality in acute coronary syndrome.
Ceramide	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	16	—	—	—	Ceramide is a pro-atherogenic bioactive lipid that drives altered lipid metabolism, LDL aggregation, foam-cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque progression.
HDL cholesterol	lipoprotein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	16	1	—	—	HDL removes cholesterol and phospholipid hydroperoxides from lesions, opposing atherosclerotic lipid accumulation.
Plasminogen PLG	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	16	1	—	✦◆	Plasminogen activation to plasmin drives fibrin degradation and thrombus resolution in coronary occlusion.
Triglycerides	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	15	2	—	—	Elevated triglycerides promote atherosclerotic lipid deposition and dysfunctional lipoprotein remodeling.
NLRP3 inflammasome NLRP3	protein	Vascular inflammation	medium	15	1	—	—	NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atherosclerotic plaques and post-MI inflammation generates IL-1β and IL-18, amplifying plaque destabilization and injury respon
Thromboxane B2	metabolite	Thromboxane / COX-1	high	15	—	—	—	Thromboxane B2 is the stable inactive metabolite of thromboxane A2, a COX-1-generated eicosanoid that amplifies platelet recruitment and aggregation.
Interferon-Gamma IFNG	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	14	—	—	◆	IFN-γ amplifies macrophage activation and vascular inflammation in destabilized atherosclerotic plaques preceding Type 1 MI.
PECAM-1 PECAM1	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	14	—	—	✦◆	PECAM-1 mediates endothelial cell–cell and endothelial–platelet adhesion; dysfunction reflects endothelial activation and increased thrombotic risk.
Phosphatidylserine	lipid	Platelet activation	medium	14	—	—	—	Phosphatidylserine exposure on activated platelets and microparticles promotes platelet aggregation and thrombin generation.
Factor VII F7	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	14	—	—	◆	FVII activity initiates tissue-factor-mediated coagulation and fibrin-thrombus formation in MI.
Copeptin AVP	peptide	Myocardial injury	high	14	5	—	✦◆	Copeptin is released in response to myocardial ischemia and necrosis, providing early detection of acute coronary syndrome alongside cardiomyocyte injury.
Myoglobin MB	protein	Myocardial injury	high	14	—	—	✦◆	Myoglobin released from ischemic cardiomyocytes serves as an early biomarker of myocardial infarction and necrotic injury.
Trimethylamine N-oxide	metabolite	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	13	—	—	—	TMAO promotes lipid oxidation, plaque inflammation and destabilization, increasing atherothrombotic rupture and thrombotic risk.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 MMP2	protein	Cap degradation / rupture	high	13	—	—	◆	MMP-2 degrades the fibrous cap and myocardial ECM, mediating plaque rupture and post-infarction ventricular remodeling.
CD36 molecule CD36	protein	Platelet activation	high	13	—	1	◆	CD36 acts as a platelet scavenger receptor for oxidized LDL, amplifying platelet activation and microvesicle formation during acute thrombosis.
CD39 ENTPD1	protein	Platelet activation	high	13	—	—	◆	CD39 ectonucleotidase hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to adenosine monophosphate, attenuating platelet activation and arterial thrombosis.
arachidonic acid	metabolite	Thromboxane / COX-1	high	13	—	—	—	Arachidonic acid elevation drives thromboxane-A2 generation and eicosanoid-mediated platelet aggregation and inflammation in acute MI.
CD34	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	12	—	1	—	Circulating CD34+ endothelial progenitor and endothelial cells mark endothelial erosion and reparative responses in MI.
Fibronectin FN1	protein	Platelet activation	high	12	—	—	✦◆	Fibronectin mediates platelet adhesion to exposed matrix and fibroblast paracrine signaling; dysregulation marks plaque instability and thrombotic coronary even
Factor XI F11	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	12	—	—	◆	Factor XI activation by thrombin and contact factors amplifies intrinsic coagulation in post-rupture and post-erosion thrombosis, driving coronary occlusion.
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta TGFB1	protein	Myocardial injury	medium	12	—	—	✦◆	TGF-β drives myocardial fibrosis and remodeling following ischemic injury and modulates plaque inflammation via foam cell formation.
Serum Amyloid A SAA1	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	11	—	—	◆	SAA is a major acute-phase protein elevated at plaque rupture, modifies HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport and amplifies vascular inflammation.
Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein A PAPPA	protein	Cap degradation / rupture	high	11	—	—	✦◆	PAPP-A is a metalloproteinase elevated in atherosclerotic plaques that degrades extracellular matrix, promoting cap rupture and thrombosis.
Soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 OLR1	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	11	1	—	✦◆	Soluble LOX-1 reflects endothelial activation, oxidized-lipoprotein uptake, and pro-thrombotic endothelial dysfunction in acute coronary syndrome and Type 1 MI.
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin CDH5	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	11	—	—	◆	Vascular endothelial cadherin cleavage destabilizes endothelial junctions, enabling transmigration and exposing subendothelial matrix.
phosphatidylethanolamine	lipid	Platelet activation	high	11	—	—	—	Phosphatidylethanolamine dysregulation in platelets and monocytes contributes to platelet dysfunction and pro-thrombotic extracellular vesicle release in Type 1
Adenosine diphosphate	metabolite	Platelet activation	high	11	1	—	—	ADP released from platelet dense granules activates P2Y receptors, sustaining platelet aggregation and thrombus propagation.
Integrin αIIbβ3	protein	Platelet activation	high	11	—	—	—	Integrin αIIbβ3 bridges platelets via fibrinogen binding, essential for platelet-dependent thrombus formation.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor TFPI	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	11	—	—	◆	Tissue factor pathway inhibitor antagonizes coagulation activation and thrombus formation, with inverse association to MI risk.
Coagulation factor VIII F8	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	medium	11	—	—	◆	Factor VIII elevation reflects a pro-coagulative state and augments the intrinsic tenase complex, increasing thrombin generation risk.
Factor V F5	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	high	11	—	—	◆	Factor V acts as a cofactor in the prothrombinase complex to amplify thrombin generation and drive fibrin polymerization during coronary thrombus formation.
Ceramides	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	10	—	—	—	Ceramide elevation is a biomarker of atherosclerotic disease progression and cardiometabolic lipid stress in acute MI.
Pentraxin-3 PTX3	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	10	—	—	✦◆	Pentraxin-3 mediates immune inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques and modulates platelet activation during thrombosis.
CD40 CD40	gene	Vascular inflammation	high	10	—	—	◆	CD40–CD40L interaction promotes endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet–leukocyte thromboinflammatory crosstalk.
S100A9 S100A9	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	10	—	—	◆	S100A9 (calprotectin) is a key alarmin amplifying vascular inflammation and thromboinflammation through monocyte recruitment and neutrophil-platelet interaction
S100A8 S100A8	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	10	—	—	◆	S100A8 (calprotectin) drives sterile inflammation and thromboinflammation in acute MI, promoting infarct wall thinning and adverse remodeling.
Interleukin-2 IL2	protein	Vascular inflammation	medium	10	—	—	◆	IL-2 elevation promotes T-cell-mediated vascular inflammation and is associated with acute coronary syndrome.
Interleukin-17A IL17A	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	10	—	—	✦◆	IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory T-cell cytokine that destabilizes plaques, activates platelets, and promotes coronary thrombosis in Type 1 MI.
Collagen Type I Alpha 1 COL1A1	protein	Cap degradation / rupture	medium	10	—	—	◆	COL1A1 is the major fibrous-cap structural protein; its exposure upon rupture initiates platelet adhesion and thrombosis.
Coagulation Factor XII F12	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	medium	10	—	—	◆	Factor XII activation in the contact system amplifies coagulation and contributes to thrombus formation and fibrinolytic-induced reactivation in MI.
Protein C PROC	protein	Coagulation / thrombus	medium	10	—	—	✦◆	Protein C deficiency or inactivation impairs anticoagulant regulation, promoting prothrombotic thrombus formation in acute MI.
tryptophan	metabolite	Systemic / off-pathway	medium	10	—	—	—	Tryptophan metabolism dysregulation associates with immune dysbalance and heightened atherosclerotic inflammation in MI risk, operating through systemic pathway
Paraoxonase 1 PON1	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	9	—	—	✦◆	PON1 is an HDL-associated esterase that hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL, preventing lipid-core accumulation and plaque inflammation.
Apolipoprotein C3 APOC3	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	9	—	—	◆	ApoC3 on atherogenic remnants attenuates clearance and intensifies subendothelial lipid retention, plaque inflammation, and rupture risk in Type 1 MI.
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 CXCL12	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	9	—	—	◆	CXCL12 activates endothelial NF-κB signaling, recruits immune cells to atherosclerotic plaques, and mediates platelet–thrombosis interactions.
CD14 CD14	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	9	—	1	✦◆	CD14 marks monocyte and macrophage subsets that drive vascular inflammation, plaque destabilization, and contribute to platelet–leukocyte crosstalk during acute
Toll-Like Receptor 4 TLR4	protein	Vascular inflammation	high	9	—	1	◆	TLR4 promotes inflammasome signaling and oxidative stress in atherothrombotic plaque and platelets, driving MI progression.
Thrombospondin-1 THBS1	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	9	—	—	◆	Thrombospondin-1 mediates endothelial erosion and platelet-leukocyte engagement, modulating thrombus formation and post-MI inflammation.
VEGFR-2 (KDR) KDR	protein	Endothelial activation/erosion	medium	9	—	—	◆	VEGFR-2 on circulating endothelial cells and EPCs marks endothelial activation, injury and angiogenic response in Type 1 MI.
lactate dehydrogenase	protein	Myocardial injury	high	9	—	—	—	LDH is released from ischemic and necrotic myocardium during acute infarction, indicating cardiomyocyte death.
Lipoprotein lipase LPL	protein	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	8	—	—	✦◆	Rate-limiting enzyme hydrolyzing triglycerides in atherogenic lipoproteins, regulated by ANGPTL inhibitors.
Oxidized Phospholipids	lipid	Lipid entry/oxidation	high	8	—	—	—	Oxidized phospholipids generated from atherosclerotic lipid oxidation drive plaque inflammation and vascular cell activation in atherothrombotic cascade.
CDKN2B CDKN2B	gene	Vascular inflammation	medium	8	—	—	✦	CDKN2B variants affect vascular cell proliferation and inflammatory signaling, modulating atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture risk.
Osteopontin SPP1	protein	Vascular inflammation	medium	8	—	—	✦◆	Osteopontin promotes macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk and collagen remodeling, destabilizing the plaque and driving post-MI cardiac remodeling.
Uric acid	metabolite	Vascular inflammation	medium	8	—	—	—	Uric acid accumulates during oxidative injury and endothelial dysfunction in acute MI, serving as a biomarker of inflammatory burden and CAD severity.
Endothelin-1 EDN1	peptide	Endothelial activation/erosion	high	8	1	—	◆	ET-1 drives endothelial activation, excessive vasoconstriction, and endocardial injury during acute MI, with predictive value for endothelial progenitor cell mo