Tissue Factor
F3proteinTissue Factor is exposed on thrombogenic lipid-core material after plaque rupture, triggering Factor VIIa and thrombin generation.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencehigh
RationaleTissue Factor initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade; anchoring molecule of coagulation.
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates1
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000117525
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II53
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength86
T1DI (composite)19
Specificity differential (R−C)-38.3
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmiamag 1
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencymag 2
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 5/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 10 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(41)
- Molecular determinants of thromboinflammatory activation in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026 · PMID 42298010 · doi
- Proteomics of urinary exosomes for discovering novel non-invasive biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction patients.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2025 · PMID 39890005 · doi
- Blood pro-thrombotic analytes and platelet activation are associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025 · PMID 41372813 · doi
- Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 · PMID 40076681 · doi
- Mechanisms sensitive to different drugs mediate a proadhesive and pro-thrombotic platelet phenotype in antiphospholipid syndrome.Haematologica · 2025 · PMID 40605716 · doi
- Decreased Platelet Reactivity and Function in a Mouse Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023 · PMID 36716775 · doi
- A comprehensive proteomic profiling of urinary exosomes and the identification of early non-invasive biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease.Journal of proteomics · 2023 · PMID 38151158 · doi
- Prognostic importance of biomarkers associated with haemostatic, vascular and endothelial disturbances in acute coronary syndrome patients in relation to kidney function.International journal of cardiology · 2022 · PMID 36476672 · doi
- Beneficial effect of combined spironolactone and quinapril treatment on thrombosis and hemostasis in 2K1C hypertensive rats.Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society · 2018 · PMID 29980144 · doi
- Microparticles as new markers of cardiovascular risk in diabetes and beyond.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016 · PMID 27173919 · doi
- The roles of myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease and its potential implication in plaque rupture.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2016 · PMID 27884085 · doi
- Circulating microparticle signature in coronary and peripheral blood of ST elevation myocardial infarction patients in relation to pain-to-PCI elapsed time.International journal of cardiology · 2015 · PMID 26432487 · doi
- Expression of functional tissue factor by neutrophil extracellular traps in culprit artery of acute myocardial infarction.European heart journal · 2015 · PMID 25660055 · doi
- Associations between circulating proteins and corresponding genes expressed in coronary thrombi in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2015 · PMID 26475405 · doi
- Prothrombotic platelet phenotype in major depression: downregulation by antidepressant treatment.Journal of affective disorders · 2014 · PMID 24679387 · doi
- Biological basis and pathological relevance of microvascular thrombosis.Thrombosis research · 2014 · PMID 24759139 · doi
- The pro- and anticoagulant role of blood-borne phagocytes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2013 · PMID 23595567 · doi
- Thrombosis and acute coronary syndrome.Thrombosis research · 2012 · PMID 22281070 · doi
- [Inflammatory biomarker for diagnosis of coronary diseases].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2011 · PMID 21226264
- Macrophages heterogeneity in atherosclerosis - implications for therapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2010 · PMID 20629993 · doi
- Active tissue factor and activated factor XI in circulating blood of patients with systolic heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej · 2010 · PMID 20864906
- Platelet turnover, coagulation factors, and soluble markers of platelet and endothelial activation in essential thrombocythemia: relationship with thrombosis occurrence and JAK2 V617F allele burden.American journal of hematology · 2009 · PMID 19105233 · doi
- Microparticle-linked tissue factor activity and increased thrombin activity play a potential role in fibrinolysis failure in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2009 · PMID 19350119
- Cell-derived microparticles: a new challenge in neuroscience.Journal of neurochemistry · 2009 · PMID 19457085 · doi
- Prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer, and disorders of hemostasis.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2009 · PMID 20013532 · doi
- Increased levels of procoagulant tissue factor-bearing microparticles within the occluded coronary artery of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: role of endothelial damage and leukocyte activation.Atherosclerosis · 2008 · PMID 19091315 · doi
- Factor XIa and tissue factor activity in patients with coronary artery disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2008 · PMID 18217146 · doi
- Atherothrombosis: role of tissue factor; link between diabetes, obesity and inflammation.Indian journal of experimental biology · 2007 · PMID 17249334
- Non-traditional biomarkers of atherosclerosis in stable and unstable coronary artery disease, do they differ?Acute cardiac care · 2007 · PMID 17924231 · doi
- Platelet-associated LIGHT (TNFSF14) mediates adhesion of platelets to human vascular endothelium.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2007 · PMID 17938804
- Leukocyte adhesion and thrombosis.Current opinion in hematology · 2006 · PMID 16319685 · doi
- Genetic susceptibility to thrombosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2006 · PMID 16640956 · doi
- Proportion of fibrin and platelets differs in thrombi on ruptured and eroded coronary atherosclerotic plaques in humans.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2005 · PMID 15772220 · doi
- Increased levels of soluble tissue factor during long-term treatment with warfarin in patients after an acute myocardial infarction.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2004 · PMID 15099277 · doi
- Observation on tissue factor pathway and some other coagulation parameters during the onset of acute cerebrocardiac thrombotic diseases.Thrombosis research · 2002 · PMID 12479882 · doi
- Direct evidence of endothelial injury in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina by demonstration of circulating endothelial cells.Blood · 1999 · PMID 10216090
- [Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes].Journal of cardiology · 1999 · PMID 10342131
- [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in arteriosclerosis].Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie · 1999 · PMID 10413853 · doi
- Hemostasis and malignancy.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 1998 · PMID 9579631 · doi
- Fibrinolysis in patients with acute ischaemic heart disease. With particular reference to systemic effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment on fibrinolysis, coagulation and complement pathways.Danish medical bulletin · 1993 · PMID 8222763
Showing 40 of 41 linked references.