Protein C
PROCproteinProtein C deficiency or inactivation impairs anticoagulant regulation, promoting prothrombotic thrombus formation in acute MI.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencemedium
RationaleNatural anticoagulant regulating thrombin generation; impaired activity reflects thrombotic imbalance in acute coronary syndrome.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates2
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000115718
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength100
T1DI (composite)17
Specificity differential (R−C)-51.7
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
Coverage: 1/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 1 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Human genetic evidence
0.014
Open Targets association (STEMI)
Literature evidence(10)
- Molecular determinants of thromboinflammatory activation in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026 · PMID 42298010 · doi
- Localization of Hemostasis Elements in Aspirated Coronary Thrombi at Different Stages of Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024 · PMID 39519297 · doi
- Association between fatty liver index and blood coagulation markers: a population-based study.Lipids in health and disease · 2023 · PMID 37386502 · doi
- Assessment of markers of thrombin generation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation.Clinical cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16649726 · doi
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, natural coagulation inhibitors and hemostatic activation markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Saudi medical journal · 2005 · PMID 15983678
- C-reactive protein, prothrombotic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction in acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation.Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne · 2004 · PMID 15529598
- Predictors of left ventricular thrombus formation in patients with anterior myocardial infarction: role of activated protein C resistance.Coronary artery disease · 2000 · PMID 10832561 · doi
- Plasma levels of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex in patients with hypercoagulable states.American journal of hematology · 2000 · PMID 10936861 · doi
- Rebound increase in thrombin generation and activity after cessation of intravenous heparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Circulation · 1995 · PMID 7895349 · doi
- Fibrinolysis in patients with acute ischaemic heart disease. With particular reference to systemic effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment on fibrinolysis, coagulation and complement pathways.Danish medical bulletin · 1993 · PMID 8222763