Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
SERPINE1proteinPAI-1 inhibits fibrinolysis and promotes a prothrombotic state favoring coronary thrombus formation and persistence.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencemedium
RationaleFibrinolytic inhibitor; shifts coagulation-fibrinolysis balance toward thrombosis.
Also acts inEndothelial activation/erosion
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates1
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000106366
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresIndeterminate
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II42
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength58
T1DI (composite)26
Specificity differential (R−C)+25
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationn/a
2anemia / acute blood lossmag 1
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 1
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencymag 2
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 4/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 6 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Platelet-poor plasma (activity: acidified, collect chilled)
Collection tube
Sodium citrate 3.2% (light blue-top)
Method / principle
ELISA (antigen) or chromogenic (activity)
Reagent / substrate
Anti-PAI-1 antibody pair; or tPA + chromogenic plasmin substrate for residual activity
Platform
ELISA plate / coagulation analyzer
Turnaround · availability
Send-out/research · Specialized/research
Human genetic evidence
0.028
Open Targets association (STEMI)
Literature evidence(60)
- Thrombomodulin can predict the incidence of second events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Single-center, retrospective cohort study.Journal of cardiology · 2018 · PMID 29887328 · doi
- The roles of PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in atherosclerotic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis involving 149,908 subjects.Gene · 2018 · PMID 29908999 · doi
- Increased von Willebrand factor, P-selectin and fibrin content in occlusive thrombus resistant to lytic therapy.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016 · PMID 26962963 · doi
- Prevalence of thrombophilic disorders in takotsubo patients: the (ThROmbophylia in TAkotsubo cardiomyopathy) TROTA study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2016 · PMID 27003690 · doi
- Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles acutely promote thrombosis and cardiac oxidative stress and DNA damage in mice.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2016 · PMID 27138375 · doi
- Effects of Acute and Antecedent Hypoglycemia on Endothelial Function and Markers of Atherothrombotic Balance in Healthy Humans.Diabetes · 2015 · PMID 25695946 · doi
- Altered plasma fibrin clot properties in essential thrombocythemia.Platelets · 2015 · PMID 25989112 · doi
- Role of xanthine oxidoreductase in the anti-thrombotic effects of nitrite in rats in vivo.Platelets · 2015 · PMID 26374946 · doi
- Associations between circulating proteins and corresponding genes expressed in coronary thrombi in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2015 · PMID 26475405 · doi
- Association between sympathoadrenal activation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial damage in septic patients: a prospective study.Journal of critical care · 2014 · PMID 24581948 · doi
- Amorphous silica nanoparticles impair vascular homeostasis and induce systemic inflammation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2014 · PMID 24936130 · doi
- Coronary thrombus composition: links with inflammation, platelet and endothelial markers.Atherosclerosis · 2014 · PMID 25463088 · doi
- Unrecognized diabetes and myocardial necrosis: predictors of hyperglycemia in myocardial infarction.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2013 · PMID 23598457
- Tobacco smoke exposure and endothelial dysfunction in patients with advanced coronary artery disease.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej · 2013 · PMID 23827987 · doi
- Vascular and thrombogenic effects of pulmonary exposure to Libby amphibole.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2012 · PMID 22352330 · doi
- Lower tissue factor inhibition in patients with ST segment elevation than in patients with non ST elevation acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2012 · PMID 22424853 · doi
- Fibrinolytic status in acute coronary syndromes: evidence of differences in relation to clinical features and pathophysiological pathways.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2012 · PMID 22538774 · doi
- Traffic air pollution and oxidized LDL.PloS one · 2011 · PMID 21283820 · doi
- Composition of coronary thrombus in acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2011 · PMID 21414532 · doi
- Day-night variations in endothelial dysfunction markers and haemostatic factors in sleep apnoea.The European respiratory journal · 2011 · PMID 21852330 · doi
- Microparticle-linked tissue factor activity and increased thrombin activity play a potential role in fibrinolysis failure in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2009 · PMID 19350119
- Associations of long- and short-term air pollution exposure with markers of inflammation and coagulation in a population sample.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2009 · PMID 19687019 · doi
- The application of proteomics technology to thrombosis research: the identification of potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.Diabetes & vascular disease research · 2008 · PMID 18777494 · doi
- Fibrinolysis in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm with special emphasis on rupture and shock.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2007 · PMID 17922806 · doi
- Do plasma biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis differ between patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction versus stable exertional angina?American heart journal · 2007 · PMID 18035075 · doi
- Measures of thrombosis and fibrinolysis.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2006 · PMID 16938589 · doi
- The potential role of antiplatelet agents in modulating inflammatory markers in atherothrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2006 · PMID 16961584 · doi
- Tissue plasminogen activator antigen is strongly associated with myocardial infarction in young women.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2005 · PMID 15670033 · doi
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, natural coagulation inhibitors and hemostatic activation markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Saudi medical journal · 2005 · PMID 15983678
- [HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, and endothelium].Herz · 2005 · PMID 16170677 · doi
- Fibrinolytic gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke.Stroke · 2005 · PMID 16179568 · doi
- Retained fibrinolytic response and no coagulation activation after acute physical exercise in middle-aged women with previous myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2002 · PMID 12091046 · doi
- Factor V Leiden and its relation to left ventricular thrombus in acute myocardial infarction.Acta cardiologica · 2001 · PMID 11315119 · doi
- How to search for the role and prevalence of defective fibrinolytic states as triggers of myocardial infarction? The haemostasis epidemiologist's view.Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology · 2001 · PMID 11666092
- Plasma and platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Japanese circulation journal · 2000 · PMID 10952148 · doi
- [Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes].Journal of cardiology · 1999 · PMID 10342131
- Prothrombotic genetic risk factors in young survivors of myocardial infarction.Blood · 1999 · PMID 10381497
- Predictive value of fibrinolytic factors in coronary heart disease.Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum · 1999 · PMID 10389198
- [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in arteriosclerosis].Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie · 1999 · PMID 10413853 · doi
- Activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis: alterations and predictive value in acute coronary syndromes.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 1999 · PMID 10695492
Showing 40 of 60 linked references.