ATP
metaboliteATP depletion and extracellular accumulation drives platelet activation and signals myocardial ischemia during acute coronary occlusion.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlatelet adhesion & activation
Confidencemedium
RationaleExtracellular ATP activates platelet purinoreceptors; marks ischemic myocardium.
Also acts inMyocardial injury, Systemic / off-pathway
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II62
A — assay feasibility42
E — evidence strength48
T1DI (composite)5
Specificity differential (R−C)-47
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossmag 2
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 1
4tachyarrhythmiamag 2
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 3
6hypertensive emergencymag 1
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 7/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 18 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum, plasma or urine
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · Lithium heparin (green-top) · Sterile urine container
Method / principle
LC-MS/MS (targeted metabolomics) or enzymatic colorimetric where available
Reagent / substrate
Stable-isotope-labeled internal standard (MS); or enzyme-coupled Trinder reagent
Platform
LC-MS/MS; some automated chemistry
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Specialized / research
Literature evidence(8)
- Empagliflozin restores cardiac metabolism and suppresses immune activation in acute myocardial infarction.Atherosclerosis · 2025 · PMID 40543297 · doi
- A circular network of adenosine-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction as coregulators of acute myocardial infarction.International journal of medical sciences · 2024 · PMID 38818463 · doi
- Role of CD39 in COVID-19 Severity: Dysregulation of Purinergic Signaling and Thromboinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022 · PMID 35173744 · doi
- Extracellular ATP metabolism on vascular endothelial cells: A pathway with pro-thrombotic and anti-thrombotic molecules.Vascular pharmacology · 2015 · PMID 25989108 · doi
- Ecto-nucleotidases of the CD39/NTPDase family modulate platelet activation and thrombus formation: Potential as therapeutic targets.Blood cells, molecules & diseases · 2006 · PMID 16476557 · doi
- Role of CD39 (NTPDase-1) in thromboregulation, cerebroprotection, and cardioprotection.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2005 · PMID 15852226 · doi
- Characterization of an original model of myocardial infarction provoked by coronary artery thrombosis induced by ferric chloride in pig.Thrombosis research · 2005 · PMID 16122556 · doi
- New developments in anti-platelet therapies: potential use of CD39/vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase in thrombotic disorders.Current drug targets · 2000 · PMID 11465076 · doi
Clinical trials(1)
- A Comparison of Treatment With Ezetimibe (SCH 58235) and Simvastatin Coadministration Versus Simvastatin in Attaining the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) or CHD Risk Equivalent Strata Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c)NCT00551447 · PHASE3 · COMPLETED · MK0653, ezetimibe / Duration of Treatment: 27 Weeks, MK0733, simvastatin / Duration of Treatment: 27 Weeks, Comparator: simvastatin / Duration of Treatment: 27 Weeks