Fibrin
proteinFibrin polymerization forms the structural matrix of the occlusive coronary thrombus, with impaired fibrinolysis predicting worse outcomes.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencehigh
RationalePrimary arterial thrombus matrix component; fibrin formation and lysis marker.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II53
A — assay feasibility68
E — evidence strength52
T1DI (composite)11
Specificity differential (R−C)-38.3
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmiamag 1
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencymag 2
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 5/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 8 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(19)
- D-Dimer as Biomarker for Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure: Reappraisal of Its Central Role.Cardiology · 2025 · PMID 40340891 · doi
- Association of hemostasis and inflammation biomarkers with outcomes in acute coronary syndromes.Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis · 2023 · PMID 36966807 · doi
- Fibrin to von Willebrand factor ratio in arterial thrombi is associated with plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers and local abundance of extracellular DNA.Thrombosis research · 2021 · PMID 34844046 · doi
- Soluble thrombomodulin ameliorates aberrant hemostasis after rewarming in a rat accidental hypothermia model.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2021 · PMID 34856423 · doi
- Altered fibrin clot properties and fibrinolysis in patients with atrial fibrillation: practical implications.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2020 · PMID 31625555 · doi
- Impaired Fibrinolysis Predicts Adverse Outcome in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Diabetes: A PLATO Sub-Study.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2020 · PMID 31975352 · doi
- Factor XII Activation Promotes Platelet Consumption in the Presence of Bacterial-Type Long-Chain Polyphosphate In Vitro and In Vivo.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2018 · PMID 30354195 · doi
- Shotgun analysis of plasma fibrin clot-bound proteins in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2015 · PMID 25686879 · doi
- Necrotic platelets provide a procoagulant surface during thrombosis.Blood · 2015 · PMID 26474813 · doi
- Biological basis and pathological relevance of microvascular thrombosis.Thrombosis research · 2014 · PMID 24759139 · doi
- Proteomic characterization of human coronary thrombus in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction.Journal of proteomics · 2014 · PMID 25065646 · doi
- Use of dextran sulfate in tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle reperfusion injury.The Journal of surgical research · 2013 · PMID 24176204 · doi
- Is fibrin formation and thrombin generation increased during and after an acute coronary syndrome?Thrombosis research · 2011 · PMID 21496882 · doi
- Proportion of fibrin and platelets differs in thrombi on ruptured and eroded coronary atherosclerotic plaques in humans.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2005 · PMID 15772220 · doi
- [Fibrinogen and atherothrombosis: vulnerable plaque or vulnerable patient?].Herz · 2003 · PMID 14569394 · doi
- Low-molecular weight heparin reduces the generation and activity of thrombin in unstable coronary artery disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 1998 · PMID 9531028
- Biochemical markers in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.European heart journal · 1998 · PMID 9857931
- Early spontaneous intermittent myocardial reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction is associated with augmented thrombogenic activity and less myocardial damage.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1995 · PMID 7642856 · doi
- Plaque disruption and the acute coronary syndromes of unstable angina and myocardial infarction: if the substrate is similar, why is the clinical presentation different?Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1992 · PMID 1593062 · doi
Omics datasets(1)
- PXD001109PRIDEShotgun analysis of plasma fibrin clot-bound proteins in patients with acute myocardial infarction