Hemoglobin
proteinReleased hemoglobin amplifies oxidative stress and promotes platelet activation and thrombosis in acute coronary occlusion.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlatelet adhesion & activation
Confidencemedium
RationaleHeme-hemoglobin oxidative stress preceding STEMI; triggers platelet/thrombotic response.
Also acts inVascular inflammation
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility84
E — evidence strength67
T1DI (composite)28
Specificity differential (R−C)0
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
Coverage: 2/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 18 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Whole blood (EDTA)
Collection tube
K2-EDTA whole blood (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Automated spectrophotometry (cyanide-free SLS-Hb) on hematology analyzer
Reagent / substrate
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) lysis reagent
Platform
Hematology analyzer (CBC); co-oximetry on blood gas
Turnaround · availability
STAT · Universal
Literature evidence(2)
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Preceding ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Global Proteomics and Pathobiological Insights.JACC. Advances · 2025 · PMID 40554404 · doi
- Erythrocyte-heme proteins and STEMI: implications in prognosis.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2017 · PMID 28837209 · doi
Clinical trials(2)
- Effect of Anagliptin and Sitagliptin on Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Randomized Controlled TrialNCT02330406 · PHASE4 · COMPLETED · Anagliptin, Sitagliptin
- Does Acrylamide Increase the Risk of Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Disease?NCT06224725 · COMPLETED · dietary acrylamide exposure measured via biomarkers in blood (hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide)