Thrombin-antithrombin complex
proteinThrombin-antithrombin complex is a marker of tissue-factor-triggered coagulation activation and thrombin generation, indicating active thrombus formation in acute coronary thrombosis.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencehigh
RationaleCoagulation activation and thrombin generation marker; reflects ongoing thrombotic activity in coronary thrombosis.
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)
R — rupture / Type-I86
C — confounder / Type-II75
A — assay feasibility68
E — evidence strength33
T1DI (composite)12
Specificity differential (R−C)+10.2
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
No confounder evidence retrieved.
Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(48)
- Coagulation Markers and Myocardial Blush Grade in STEMI: Identifying Potential Predictors of Microvascular Reperfusion.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis · 2026 · PMID 41549721 · doi
- Perioperative Treatment with Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran on Changes of Coagulation and Platelet Activation Biomarkers following Left Atrial Appendage Closure.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2024 · PMID 38505191 · doi
- Molecular Biomarkers for In Vitro Thrombogenicity Assessment of Medical Device Materials.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2024 · PMID 39340365 · doi
- [Predictive value of four items of new thrombus markers combined with conventional coagulation tests for thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023 · PMID 38101785 · doi
- Validation of an admission coagulation panel for risk stratification of COVID-19 patients.PloS one · 2021 · PMID 33740793 · doi
- Biomarkers of Thrombosis in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Substudy of the ATOLL Trial Comparing Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2018 · PMID 30144017 · doi
- Effects of Acute and Antecedent Hypoglycemia on Endothelial Function and Markers of Atherothrombotic Balance in Healthy Humans.Diabetes · 2015 · PMID 25695946 · doi
- Lower tissue factor inhibition in patients with ST segment elevation than in patients with non ST elevation acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2012 · PMID 22424853 · doi
- Platelet depletion, platelet activation and coagulation during treatment with hemodialysis.Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation · 2011 · PMID 21303224 · doi
- Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet activation in patients undergoing open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Journal of vascular surgery · 2011 · PMID 21684711 · doi
- Thrombin activity throughout the acute phase of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and the relation to outcome.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2009 · PMID 19552570 · doi
- Factor XIa and tissue factor activity in patients with coronary artery disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2008 · PMID 18217146 · doi
- Hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced thrombin formation, platelet activation, and fibrin clot resistance to lysis in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Diabetes care · 2008 · PMID 18487475 · doi
- Thrombus precursor protein and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2008 · PMID 18565400 · doi
- Assessment of markers of thrombin generation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation.Clinical cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16649726 · doi
- Serum osteoprotegerin in young survivors of myocardial infarction.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2006 · PMID 16676081
- Plasma markers of activated hemostasis in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2006 · PMID 16696962 · doi
- Activated coagulation during open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.Journal of vascular surgery · 2006 · PMID 16765226 · doi
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, natural coagulation inhibitors and hemostatic activation markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Saudi medical journal · 2005 · PMID 15983678
- Retained fibrinolytic response and no coagulation activation after acute physical exercise in middle-aged women with previous myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2002 · PMID 12091046 · doi
- Inflammation, fibrinogen and thrombin generation in patients with previous myocardial infarction.Haematologica · 2002 · PMID 12091125
- Procoagulant effects of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction.Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih · 2002 · PMID 12894883
- Thrombogenesis in sickle cell disease.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2001 · PMID 11385360 · doi
- Coagulation activity and clinical outcome in unstable coronary artery disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2001 · PMID 11397720 · doi
- Plasma levels of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex in patients with hypercoagulable states.American journal of hematology · 2000 · PMID 10936861 · doi
- Plasma and platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Japanese circulation journal · 2000 · PMID 10952148 · doi
- Reactivation of coagulation after stopping infusions of recombinant hirudin and unfractionated heparin in unstable angina and myocardial infarction without ST elevation: results of a randomized trial. OASIS Pilot Study Investigators. Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic++ Syndromes.European heart journal · 2000 · PMID 10952840 · doi
- Prognostic significance of elevated hemostatic markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1999 · PMID 10334421 · doi
- Rebound after cessation of oral anticoagulant therapy: the biochemical evidence.British journal of haematology · 1996 · PMID 8603020 · doi
- Relationship between intracoronary thrombolysis and fibrino-coagulation--special reference to TAT/PIC and FPA/PIC.Japanese circulation journal · 1996 · PMID 8741240 · doi
- Complete heparin-coated (CBAS) cardiopulmonary bypass and reduced systemic heparin dose; effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 1996 · PMID 8817142 · doi
- Thrombin generation and activity during thrombolysis and concomitant heparin therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1995 · PMID 7798503 · doi
- Increased heparin-releasable platelet factor 4 and D dimer in patients one month after the onset of acute myocardial infarction: persistent activation of platelets and the coagulation/fibrinolytic system.International journal of cardiology · 1994 · PMID 7737755 · doi
- New recombinant glycosylated prourokinase for treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Prourokinase Study Group.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1994 · PMID 7930246 · doi
- Serial changes in coagulant activities after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.Angiology · 1994 · PMID 8161005 · doi
- Persistent generation of thrombin after acute myocardial infarction.Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology · 1992 · PMID 1576116 · doi
- Assessment of hypercoagulable states by measurement of activation fragments and peptides.Blood reviews · 1990 · PMID 2182146 · doi
- A comparative evaluation of assays for markers of activated coagulation and/or fibrinolysis: thrombin-antithrombin complex, D-dimer and fibrinogen/fibrin fragment E antigen.British journal of haematology · 1990 · PMID 2189490 · doi
- Indices of hypercoagulation in cancer as compared with those in acute inflammation and acute infarction.Haemostasis · 1990 · PMID 2289706 · doi
- Factor VII hyperactivity in acute myocardial thrombosis. A relation to the coagulation activation.Thrombosis research · 1988 · PMID 3187958 · doi
Showing 40 of 48 linked references.