Apolipoprotein A-I
APOA1proteinApoA-I is the major HDL component mediating reverse cholesterol transport and endothelial protective effects; reduced levels indicate atherosclerotic burden.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepLipid retention & oxidation
Confidencehigh
RationaleHDL apolipoprotein; reverse cholesterol transport; atheroprotective; altered in ACS.
Also acts inSystemic / off-pathway
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates0
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000118137
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility84
E — evidence strength62
T1DI (composite)26
Specificity differential (R−C)0
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationn/a
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 2/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 6 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST)
Method / principle
Immunoturbidimetric/nephelometric
Reagent / substrate
Anti-apoA-I antibody-latex
Platform
Automated analyzer
Turnaround · availability
Routine · Universal
Literature evidence(30)
- Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Conventional and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Heart Failure, a Comprehensive Literature Review.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2024 · PMID 38995611 · doi
- Quality Assurance for Multiplex Quantitative Clinical Chemistry Proteomics in Large Clinical Trials.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2024 · PMID 39239905 · doi
- Untargeted lipidomics reveals novel HDL metabotypes and lipid-clinical correlates.Journal of lipid research · 2024 · PMID 39490932 · doi
- Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Angiopoietin-2, and C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Subsequent Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Persons With Treated HIV Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2023 · PMID 37018921 · doi
- Quartet of APOCs and the Different Roles They Play in Diabetes.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023 · PMID 37226733 · doi
- Prognostic significance of metabolomic biomarkers in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022 · PMID 35525960 · doi
- Early life infection and proinflammatory, atherogenic metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in infancy: a population-based cohort study.eLife · 2022 · PMID 35535496 · doi
- Variations in Blood Platelet Proteome and Transcriptome Revealed Altered Expression of Transgelin-2 in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · PMID 35683019 · doi
- Harnessing the Plasma Proteome to Mirror Current and Predict Future Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2022 · PMID 36197585 · doi
- High-Density Lipoprotein in Lupus: Disease Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2019 · PMID 31350818 · doi
- Cholesterol Acceptors Regulate the Lipidome of Macrophage Foam Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019 · PMID 31382484 · doi
- Desmocollin 1 is abundantly expressed in atherosclerosis and impairs high-density lipoprotein biogenesis.European heart journal · 2018 · PMID 29106519 · doi
- Screening and Identification of Pregnancy Zone Protein and Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein as Potential Serum Biomarkers for Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction using Protein Profile Analysis.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2018 · PMID 30411527 · doi
- Oxidized lipoprotein lipids and atherosclerosis.Free radical research · 2017 · PMID 28412863 · doi
- ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2016 · PMID 27183204 · doi
- Clinically significant novel biomarkers for prediction of first ever myocardial infarction: the Tromsø Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics · 2015 · PMID 25613532 · doi
- The human HDL proteome displays high inter-individual variability and is altered dynamically in response to angioplasty-induced atheroma plaque rupture.Journal of proteomics · 2014 · PMID 24747125 · doi
- Quantitative proteomics for cardiac biomarker discovery using isoproterenol-treated nonhuman primates.Journal of proteome research · 2014 · PMID 25345801 · doi
- Elevated plasma albumin and apolipoprotein A-I oxidation under suboptimal specimen storage conditions.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2014 · PMID 24736286 · doi
- The metabolic and pharmacologic bases for treating atherogenic dyslipidaemia.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2013 · PMID 24840265 · doi
- Extended-release niacin/laropiprant improves endothelial function in patients after myocardial infarction.Heart and vessels · 2013 · PMID 23712600 · doi
- Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the NADH-mediated TCA cycle and energy metabolism disorders based on a new model of chronic progressive heart failure.Molecular bioSystems · 2013 · PMID 24108264 · doi
- Lipid disorders and their relevance to outcomes in chronic kidney disease.Blood purification · 2011 · PMID 21228589 · doi
- Non-antibacterial tetracyclines modulate mediators of periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation.Pharmacological research · 2011 · PMID 21771657 · doi
- Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities.Current opinion in lipidology · 2010 · PMID 20581677 · doi
- [Front line of oxidized lipoproteins: role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease risk].Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology · 2010 · PMID 20662275
- Lipid and lipoprotein profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2008 · PMID 18418429 · doi
- The apoB/apoA-I ratio: a strong, new risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a target for lipid-lowering therapy--a review of the evidence.Journal of internal medicine · 2006 · PMID 16629855 · doi
- Pharmacologic augmentation of high-density lipoproteins: mechanisms of currently available and emerging therapies.Current opinion in cardiology · 2005 · PMID 15956828 · doi
- Proteomic analysis of plasma from patients during an acute coronary syndrome.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2004 · PMID 15489088 · doi
Clinical trials(1)
- A Phase 3, Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of CSL112 in Subjects With Acute Coronary SyndromeNCT03473223 · PHASE3 · COMPLETED · Apolipoprotein A-I [human] (apoA-I), Placebo