Apolipoprotein C3
APOC3proteinApoC3 on atherogenic remnants attenuates clearance and intensifies subendothelial lipid retention, plaque inflammation, and rupture risk in Type 1 MI.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepLipid retention & oxidation
Confidencehigh
RationaleAnchors TRL atherogenicity; inhibits lipoprotein lipase; promotes ApoB-lipoprotein retention and plaque inflammation.
Also acts inVascular inflammation, Cap degradation / rupture
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates3
Small-molecule tractableNo
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000110245
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)
R — rupture / Type-I37
C — confounder / Type-II42
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength19
T1DI (composite)7
Specificity differential (R−C)-4.7
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
No confounder evidence retrieved.
Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(9)
- Integrative Proteomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With PCSK9 Antibodies and Statins.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2026 · PMID 41664920 · doi
- Remnant cholesterol - The transition from biomarker to risk factor.Atherosclerosis · 2026 · PMID 42178199 · doi
- A Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteome Study of Twin Pairs Discordant for Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction within Three Years after Blood Sampling Suggests Novel Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024 · PMID 38473885 · doi
- Derivation and external validation of mass spectrometry-based proteomic model using machine learning algorithms to predict plaque rupture in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2024 · PMID 39117035 · doi
- Quality Assurance for Multiplex Quantitative Clinical Chemistry Proteomics in Large Clinical Trials.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2024 · PMID 39239905 · doi
- Quartet of APOCs and the Different Roles They Play in Diabetes.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023 · PMID 37226733 · doi
- History of lipidology and lipoprotein apheresis.Atherosclerosis. Supplements · 2017 · PMID 29096824 · doi
- [Diabetic dyslipidaemia and the atherosclerosis].Orvosi hetilap · 2016 · PMID 27133274 · doi
- Plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles Contain Predictive Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial Ischemic (MI) Injury.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2016 · PMID 27234505 · doi