Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
CCL2proteinMCP-1 recruits monocytes to the atherosclerotic plaque and inflamed endothelium, sustaining plaque destabilization.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationaleChemokine driving monocyte/macrophage recruitment in atherosclerotic inflammation and ACS.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates1
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000108691
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II58
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength52
T1DI (composite)20
Specificity differential (R−C)+8.3
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmiamag 2
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 4/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 18 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(24)
- Genetic Variation in the Chemokine Network and Atherosclerosis Risk.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026 · PMID 41824188 · doi
- Relationship between amino acid metabolism and inflammation in coronary heart disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025 · PMID 40476584 · doi
- Costunolide Reduces DN Inflammatory Response and Renal Thrombosis by Inhibiting NET Formation.Journal of diabetes research · 2025 · PMID 40709100 · doi
- Associations between inflammatory and angiogenic proteomic biomarkers, and cardiovascular events and mortality in relation to kidney function.Clinical kidney journal · 2024 · PMID 38524235 · doi
- Impact of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 on atherosclerotic plaque and its mechanism.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024 · PMID 38727952 · doi
- Exploring the "gene-protein-metabolite" network of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome by integrated multi-omics strategy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022 · PMID 36523490 · doi
- Integrated analysis of gene expression changes associated with coronary artery disease.Lipids in health and disease · 2019 · PMID 30961613 · doi
- Inflammatory patterns in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndrome: A propensity score matched analysis.Atherosclerosis · 2018 · PMID 29783063 · doi
- Inflammatory and antioxidant pattern unbalance in "clopidogrel-resistant" patients during acute coronary syndrome.Mediators of inflammation · 2015 · PMID 25873769 · doi
- Antiinflammatory effects of aspirin in ACS: relevant to its cardiocoronary actions?Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2015 · PMID 26085050 · doi
- Associations between circulating proteins and corresponding genes expressed in coronary thrombi in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Thrombosis research · 2015 · PMID 26475405 · doi
- Aspirin resistance in adult patients after Fontan surgery.International journal of cardiology · 2014 · PMID 25479533 · doi
- Human pericytes for ischemic heart repair.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2013 · PMID 23165704 · doi
- [Inflammatory biomarker for diagnosis of coronary diseases].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2011 · PMID 21226264
- Platelet and monocyte activity markers and mediators of inflammation in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.Heart and vessels · 2011 · PMID 21416113 · doi
- Increased number of circulating endothelial cells and plasma markers of endothelial damage in chronic cocaine users.Thrombosis research · 2011 · PMID 21601240 · doi
- Non-antibacterial tetracyclines modulate mediators of periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation.Pharmacological research · 2011 · PMID 21771657 · doi
- Genetic and functional association of FAM5C with myocardial infarction.BMC medical genetics · 2008 · PMID 18430236 · doi
- Impact of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein removal on atherosclerosis.Circulation · 2008 · PMID 18559699 · doi
- C-reactive protein, cytokines and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases.Bratislavske lekarske listy · 2008 · PMID 18837239
- Non-traditional biomarkers of atherosclerosis in stable and unstable coronary artery disease, do they differ?Acute cardiac care · 2007 · PMID 17924231 · doi
- Pathobiology of atherosclerosis--a brief review.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2004 · PMID 15630673 · doi
- [Acute coronary syndrome and inflammation. Biomarkers for diagnostics and risk stratification].Herz · 2004 · PMID 15599673 · doi
- Endothelial inflammation and thrombolysis resistance in acute myocardial infarction.International journal of cardiology · 2002 · PMID 12036526 · doi