RANTES

CCL5protein

RANTES (CCL5) recruits monocytes and macrophages to inflamed atherosclerotic plaques and directly activates platelets, amplifying vascular inflammation.

Pathway placement

Cascade stepPlaque inflammation

Confidencehigh

RationaleChemokine-driven monocyte/macrophage recruitment and platelet activation in plaque inflammation.

Also acts inPlatelet activation

Druggability

DruggableYes

Known drugs / candidates0

Small-molecule tractableYes

Antibody tractableYes

EnsemblENSG00000271503

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresType-II-associated

R — rupture / Type-I

—

C — confounder / Type-II

A — assay feasibility

E — evidence strength

T1DI (composite)

Specificity differential (R−C)-40.6

Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)

1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2

2anemia / acute blood lossn/a

3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 0

4tachyarrhythmiamag 2

5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2

6hypertensive emergencymag 2

7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2

Coverage: 6/7 confounders with evidence

Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 10 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.

Specimen

Serum or plasma

Collection tube

Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)

Method / principle

Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists

Reagent / substrate

Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)

Platform

ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)

Turnaround · availability

Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)

Literature evidence(3)

Identification of Key Genes as Early Warning Signals of Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis and Dynamic Network Biomarker Algorithm.
Frontiers in immunology · 2022 · PMID 35795669 · doi
Aldosterone increases early atherosclerosis and promotes plaque inflammation through a placental growth factor-dependent mechanism.
Journal of the American Heart Association · 2013 · PMID 23525413 · doi
Chronic dysfunction of the endothelium is associated with mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients.
Thrombosis research · 2012 · PMID 23273402 · doi