CD40
CD40geneCD40–CD40L interaction promotes endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet–leukocyte thromboinflammatory crosstalk.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationaleInflammatory signaling receptor on endothelial and immune cells; leukocyte-platelet interaction mediator.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates10
Small-molecule tractableNo
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000101017
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresIndeterminate
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II47
A — assay feasibility52
E — evidence strength42
T1DI (composite)13
Specificity differential (R−C)+20
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossmag 2
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmiamag 1
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 1
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 5/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 12 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Whole blood — gene is not a circulating analyte; measure protein product or genotype
Collection tube
K2-EDTA whole blood (lavender-top)
Method / principle
SNP genotyping / sequencing; or immunoassay of encoded protein
Reagent / substrate
Allele-specific primers/probes (TaqMan) or NGS panel; or antibody for protein
Platform
qPCR / NGS / array
Turnaround · availability
Send-out · Genotyping widely available; protein assay variable
Literature evidence(10)
- Acetylsalicylic acid improves outcome after acute myocardial infarction by reducing thromboinflammation.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026 · PMID 41791655 · doi
- Systolic pressure overload caused pulmonary oxidative stress, vessel remodeling and severe microvascular thrombosis in CD40 knockout mice through promoting platelet aggregation.Redox biology · 2026 · PMID 41905182 · doi
- NOS1-mediated macrophage and endothelial cell interaction in the progression of atherosclerosis.Cell biology international · 2021 · PMID 33501735 · doi
- An extracellular vesicle epitope profile is associated with acute myocardial infarction.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020 · PMID 32666618 · doi
- Neutrophils promote venular thrombosis by shaping the rheological environment for platelet aggregation.Scientific reports · 2019 · PMID 31685838 · doi
- Platelet CD40L Modulates Thrombus Growth Via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase β, and Not Via CD40 and IκB Kinase α.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2015 · PMID 25908768 · doi
- Obesity superimposed on aging magnifies inflammation and delays the resolving response after myocardial infarction.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2014 · PMID 25485899 · doi
- From atherosclerosis to acute coronary syndromes: the role of soluble CD40 ligand.Trends in cardiovascular medicine · 2010 · PMID 21742271 · doi
- The CD40/CD40 ligand system: linking inflammation with atherothrombosis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2009 · PMID 19679244 · doi
- The role of LOX-1, a novel lectin-like receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein, in atherosclerosis.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2004 · PMID 15309203