C-reactive protein
CRPproteinhs-CRP is a systemic inflammatory marker reflecting plaque-driven inflammation and predicting atherothrombotic events.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationaleAnchor molecule; acute-phase inflammatory marker in plaque destabilization.
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates0
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000132693
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility96
E — evidence strength49
T1DI (composite)11
Specificity differential (R−C)-52
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencymag 2
7high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
Coverage: 4/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 7 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · Lithium heparin (green-top)
Method / principle
Immunoturbidimetric or immunonephelometric (latex-enhanced for hs)
Reagent / substrate
Anti-CRP antibody-coated latex particles
Platform
Automated chemistry analyzer; POC
Turnaround · availability
Routine–STAT · Universal
Human genetic evidence
0.036
Open Targets association (STEMI)
Literature evidence(60)
- The novel role of C-reactive protein in cardiovascular disease: risk marker or pathogen.International journal of cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16337036 · doi
- Associations of vitamin C status, fruit and vegetable intakes, and markers of inflammation and hemostasis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2006 · PMID 16522902 · doi
- Assessment of markers of thrombin generation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation.Clinical cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16649726 · doi
- [Inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk: PAPP-A, Lp-PLA2 and cystatin C. New insights or redundant information?].Revista espanola de cardiologia · 2006 · PMID 16712749
- [C-reactive protein in cardiovascular risk evaluation].Lijecnicki vjesnik · 2006 · PMID 16910418
- The potential role of antiplatelet agents in modulating inflammatory markers in atherothrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2006 · PMID 16961584 · doi
- Tissue plasminogen activator antigen is strongly associated with myocardial infarction in young women.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2005 · PMID 15670033 · doi
- Inflammatory markers at the site of ruptured plaque in acute myocardial infarction: locally increased interleukin-6 and serum amyloid A but decreased C-reactive protein.Circulation · 2005 · PMID 15753219 · doi
- Proportion of fibrin and platelets differs in thrombi on ruptured and eroded coronary atherosclerotic plaques in humans.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2005 · PMID 15772220 · doi
- Multiple plaque rupture and C-reactive protein in acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2005 · PMID 15893172 · doi
- Serum C-reactive protein and circulating endothelial cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation · 2005 · PMID 15894827
- Quest for novel cardiovascular biomarkers by proteomic analysis.Journal of proteome research · 2005 · PMID 16083268 · doi
- Serum tryptase levels in acute coronary syndromes.International journal of cardiology · 2005 · PMID 16168805 · doi
- Systemic inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome: association with cardiovascular risk factors and effect of early lipid lowering.Coronary artery disease · 2005 · PMID 16205449 · doi
- Divergent effects of rofecoxib on endothelial function and inflammation in acute coronary syndromes.International journal of cardiology · 2005 · PMID 16330117 · doi
- Adiponectin and some inflammatory and endothelial markers in type-2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease.The Egyptian journal of immunology · 2005 · PMID 16734148
- [Atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis].Przeglad lekarski · 2005 · PMID 16786783
- Activated factor 12 (FXIIa) predicts recurrent coronary events after an acute myocardial infarction.American heart journal · 2004 · PMID 14760323 · doi
- Association between serum C-reactive protein elevation and left ventricular thrombus formation after first anterior myocardial infarction.Chest · 2004 · PMID 14769713 · doi
- Elevated white cell count in acute coronary syndromes: relationship to variants in inflammatory and thrombotic genes.BMC medical genetics · 2004 · PMID 15171792 · doi
- Individualizing therapy in acute coronary syndromes: using a multiple biomarker approach for diagnosis, risk stratification, and guidance of therapy.Current cardiology reports · 2004 · PMID 15182604 · doi
- Interleukin-6, fibrin D-dimer, and coagulation factors VII and XIIa in prediction of coronary heart disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2004 · PMID 15205218 · doi
- [Inflammation markers in acute coronary syndrome].Acta medica Croatica : casopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti · 2004 · PMID 15208795
- C-reactive protein incites atherosclerosis.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2004 · PMID 15309202
- C-reactive protein, prothrombotic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction in acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation.Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne · 2004 · PMID 15529598
- A randomized comparison of the effects of aspirin and clopidogrel on thrombotic risk factors and C-reactive protein following myocardial infarction: the CADET trial.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2004 · PMID 15550024 · doi
- Soluble fibrin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin, proteins C and S, tissue factor, D-dimer, and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 in men with acute myocardial infarction </=45 years of age.The American journal of cardiology · 2004 · PMID 15566913 · doi
- [Acute coronary syndrome and inflammation. Biomarkers for diagnostics and risk stratification].Herz · 2004 · PMID 15599673 · doi
- From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II.Circulation · 2003 · PMID 14557340 · doi
- Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain.The New England journal of medicine · 2003 · PMID 14573731 · doi
- C-reactive protein as a novel biomarker. Reactant can flag atherosclerosis and help predict cardiac events.Postgraduate medicine · 2003 · PMID 14689723 · doi
- Increases in circulating levels of monocyte-platelet and neutrophil-platelet complexes following hip arthroplasty.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2002 · PMID 11869168
- Coagulation indicators in chronic stable effort angina and unstable angina: relationship with acute phase reactants and clinical outcome.Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis · 2002 · PMID 11943939 · doi
- Endothelial inflammation and thrombolysis resistance in acute myocardial infarction.International journal of cardiology · 2002 · PMID 12036526 · doi
- Inflammation, fibrinogen and thrombin generation in patients with previous myocardial infarction.Haematologica · 2002 · PMID 12091125
- Inflammation and coronary heart disease: an overview.Cardiology in review · 2001 · PMID 11174913 · doi
- [Inflammation and acute coronary syndromes].Revista espanola de cardiologia · 2001 · PMID 11591314 · doi
- Interleukin-6 and acute coronary syndrome.Clinical cardiology · 2001 · PMID 11714126 · doi
- Atherosclerosis-associated endothelial dysfunction.Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie · 2000 · PMID 11151799 · doi
- C-reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor: more than an epiphenomenon?Circulation · 1999 · PMID 10393687 · doi
Showing 40 of 60 linked references.
Clinical trials(8)
- Effects of Interleukin-1 Inhibition on C-Reactive Protein Levels, Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization and Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery DiseaseNCT00417417 · PHASE2 · COMPLETED · Rilonacept, Placebo
- Phase 3 Study of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids of Omega 3 as an Anti Platelet Agent on Biomarkers of Cardiac Necrosis Including CKMB and Troponin I and Inflammation Marker CRPNCT01521845 · PHASE3 · COMPLETED · omega 3
- Effect of a Nutraceutical Combination on Endothelial Injury and C-reactive Protein in Patients With Low-grade Systemic InflammationNCT02422927 · PHASE4 · COMPLETED · Nutraceutical Combination, Standard of Care, Placebo
- Efficacy and Safety of Residual Inflammatory Risk-Guided Low-dose Colchicine Therapy in Elderly Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled TrialNCT06025071 · PHASE4 · UNKNOWN · colchicine
- Comparison Between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Reduction of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Acute Coronary SyndromeNCT06053983 · PHASE4 · COMPLETED · Turbox CRP kit, rosuvastatin 20 mg,, atorvastatin 40 mg
- Supplementation of Piperine and Curcumin (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza) Extract in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - SPICE STEMI TrialNCT07149961 · NA · COMPLETED · Curcumin plus Piperine, Placebo capsules
- Relationship Between Inflammatory (Hs-CRP, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio) and Cardiac (Troponin) Biomarkers, and Cardiac Dysfunction in Acute Coronary Syndrome.NCT07551102 · NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Selective C-Reactive Protein Apheresis in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction (CRP-SHOCK Trial)NCT07687017 · NA · NOT_YET_RECRUITING · Selective C-reactive protein apheresis (PentraSorb®-CRP), Standard of care