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Fibroblast growth factor 21
Pathway / Off-pathway / systemic markers

Fibroblast growth factor 21

FGF21protein

FGF21 is a stress-responsive metabolic hormone linked to atherosclerosis and MI risk through systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis rather than direct plaque-destabilization mechanisms.

Pathway placement
Cascade stepOff-pathway / systemic markers
Confidencemedium
RationaleSystemic metabolic regulator; associates with atherosclerosis progression but acts off the atherothrombotic cascade.
Also acts inVascular inflammation
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)
R — rupture / Type-I
32
C — confounder / Type-II
68
A — assay feasibility
68
E — evidence strength
25
T1DI (composite)
5
Specificity differential (R−C)-35.7
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
No confounder evidence retrieved.
Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)

Literature evidence(1)