High-mobility group box 1
HMGB1proteinHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern released during ischemic injury that amplifies vascular inflammation and platelet thromboinflammatory activation in acute coronary events.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationaleDAMP amplifying plaque inflammation and platelet activation.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates1
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000189403
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength75
T1DI (composite)27
Specificity differential (R−C)0
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmiamag 2
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 4/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 19 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(3)
- Platelet HMGB1 steers intravascular immunity and thrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2024 · PMID 39173879 · doi
- Circulating virome and inflammatory proteome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and primary ventricular fibrillation.Scientific reports · 2022 · PMID 35552514 · doi
- Inhibitory mechanisms of very low-dose rivaroxaban in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Blood advances · 2018 · PMID 29588304 · doi