Interferon-Gamma
IFNGproteinIFN-γ amplifies macrophage activation and vascular inflammation in destabilized atherosclerotic plaques preceding Type 1 MI.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationalePro-inflammatory Th1 cytokine driving plaque inflammation, elevated in unstable atherosclerosis and ACS.
Also acts inCap degradation / rupture
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates3
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000111537
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresIndeterminate
R — rupture / Type-I33
C — confounder / Type-II44
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength75
T1DI (composite)24
Specificity differential (R−C)-11.1
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencymag 1
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 3/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 14 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(14)
- Relationship between amino acid metabolism and inflammation in coronary heart disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025 · PMID 40476584 · doi
- Molecular screening in a translational large animal trial identifies a differential inflammatory response for MINOCA.Basic research in cardiology · 2025 · PMID 40512240 · doi
- Spatial Transcriptomic Approach to Understanding Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024 · PMID 39234691 · doi
- [Transcriptomics study of coronary slow flow disease and verification of differentially expressed genes].Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi · 2021 · PMID 34905898 · doi
- Systemic Toxicity of Smokeless Tobacco Products in Mice.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019 · PMID 30085294 · doi
- Immune system-mediated atherosclerosis caused by deficiency of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in ApoE-/-mice.Cardiovascular research · 2019 · PMID 30101304 · doi
- Inflammatory patterns in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndrome: A propensity score matched analysis.Atherosclerosis · 2018 · PMID 29783063 · doi
- Inflammatory and antioxidant pattern unbalance in "clopidogrel-resistant" patients during acute coronary syndrome.Mediators of inflammation · 2015 · PMID 25873769 · doi
- Early inflammatory cytokine response: a direct comparison between spontaneous coronary plaque destabilization vs angioplasty induced.Atherosclerosis · 2014 · PMID 25173071 · doi
- Do we know enough about the immune pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes to improve clinical practice?Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2012 · PMID 22872109 · doi
- Modified lipoproteins provide lipids that modulate dendritic cell immune function.Biochimie · 2012 · PMID 22959067 · doi
- [Inflammatory biomarker for diagnosis of coronary diseases].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2011 · PMID 21226264
- IL-33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2008 · PMID 18268038 · doi
- Inflammation and atherosclerosis.Annual review of pathology · 2006 · PMID 18039117 · doi