Interleukin-6
IL6proteinIL-6 promotes plaque inflammation and leukocyte recruitment, accelerating atherosclerotic instability and thrombotic risk.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationaleCore inflammatory cytokine; plaque destabilization via macrophage activation.
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates6
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000136244
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength55
T1DI (composite)20
Specificity differential (R−C)0
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmiamag 2
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencymag 2
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 6/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 20 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Chemiluminescent sandwich immunoassay / ELISA
Reagent / substrate
Anti-IL-6 antibody pair
Platform
Automated (Roche/Siemens) or ELISA plate
Turnaround · availability
Same-day–send-out · FDA-cleared (Roche Elecsys IL-6)
Human genetic evidence
0.268
Open Targets association (acute_MI)
Literature evidence(60)
- Human pericytes for ischemic heart repair.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2013 · PMID 23165704 · doi
- Inflammatory and thrombotic markers in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis and early PCI: a NORDISTEMI substudy.Thrombosis research · 2012 · PMID 22607887 · doi
- Comparison of inflammatory markers between diabetic and nondiabetic ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Journal of cardiology · 2012 · PMID 22658696 · doi
- Composition of coronary thrombus in acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2011 · PMID 21414532 · doi
- Platelet and monocyte activity markers and mediators of inflammation in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.Heart and vessels · 2011 · PMID 21416113 · doi
- Dynamic expression of the main related indicators of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction and tissue damage in a rat model of myocardial infarction.Molecular medicine reports · 2011 · PMID 21567088 · doi
- Non-antibacterial tetracyclines modulate mediators of periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation.Pharmacological research · 2011 · PMID 21771657 · doi
- Markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation for prediction of coronary heart disease in older adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2010 · PMID 20110287 · doi
- Relation of anti- to pro-inflammatory cytokine ratios with acute myocardial infarction.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2010 · PMID 20195402 · doi
- Current trends in diagnostic biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome.Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore · 2010 · PMID 20372757
- [Role of the infection and inflammation in atherosclerosis development (literature review)].Angiologiia i sosudistaia khirurgiia = Angiology and vascular surgery · 2010 · PMID 21780619
- Markers of inflammation, thrombosis and endothelial activation correlate with carotid IMT regression in stable coronary disease after atorvastatin treatment.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2009 · PMID 19171469 · doi
- Bivalirudin reduces platelet and monocyte activation after elective percutaneous coronary intervention.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2009 · PMID 19190819
- How much is too much? Interleukin-6 and its signalling in atherosclerosis.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2009 · PMID 19652871 · doi
- Circulating inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers are associated with risk of myocardial infarction and coronary death, but not angina pectoris, in older men.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2009 · PMID 19682232 · doi
- Associations of long- and short-term air pollution exposure with markers of inflammation and coagulation in a population sample.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2009 · PMID 19687019 · doi
- Inflammatory systemic biomarkers in setting acute coronary syndromes--effects of the diurnal variation.Current drug targets · 2009 · PMID 19860643 · doi
- Proinflammatory status, genetics and atherosclerosis.Physiological research · 2009 · PMID 20131929 · doi
- Factor XIa and tissue factor activity in patients with coronary artery disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2008 · PMID 18217146 · doi
- Contribution of novel biomarkers to incident stable angina and acute coronary syndrome: the PRIME Study.European heart journal · 2008 · PMID 18621771 · doi
- Role of inflammation in atherosclerosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.The American journal of medicine · 2008 · PMID 18926166 · doi
- Characterization of the human atheroma plaque secretome by proteomic analysis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2007 · PMID 17172685 · doi
- Pharmacogenomics: a tool to prevent and cure coronary heart disease.Current pharmaceutical design · 2007 · PMID 18220812 · doi
- Soluble CD40 ligand and interleukin-6 in the coronary circulation after acute myocardial infarction.International journal of cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16376442 · doi
- Epistatic and pleiotropic effects of polymorphisms in the fibrinogen and coagulation factor XIII genes on plasma fibrinogen concentration, fibrin gel structure and risk of myocardial infarction.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2006 · PMID 16525568 · doi
- Interleukin-6 correlates with endothelial dysfunction in young post-myocardial infarction patients.Cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16864964 · doi
- Inflammatory markers at the site of ruptured plaque in acute myocardial infarction: locally increased interleukin-6 and serum amyloid A but decreased C-reactive protein.Circulation · 2005 · PMID 15753219 · doi
- Quest for novel cardiovascular biomarkers by proteomic analysis.Journal of proteome research · 2005 · PMID 16083268 · doi
- Systemic inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome: association with cardiovascular risk factors and effect of early lipid lowering.Coronary artery disease · 2005 · PMID 16205449 · doi
- Divergent effects of rofecoxib on endothelial function and inflammation in acute coronary syndromes.International journal of cardiology · 2005 · PMID 16330117 · doi
- Adiponectin and some inflammatory and endothelial markers in type-2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease.The Egyptian journal of immunology · 2005 · PMID 16734148
- [Atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis].Przeglad lekarski · 2005 · PMID 16786783
- Elevated white cell count in acute coronary syndromes: relationship to variants in inflammatory and thrombotic genes.BMC medical genetics · 2004 · PMID 15171792 · doi
- Interleukin-6, fibrin D-dimer, and coagulation factors VII and XIIa in prediction of coronary heart disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2004 · PMID 15205218 · doi
- C-reactive protein incites atherosclerosis.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2004 · PMID 15309202
- Interaction between inflammation and thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome.Kardiologia polska · 2004 · PMID 15457277
- [Acute coronary syndrome and inflammation. Biomarkers for diagnostics and risk stratification].Herz · 2004 · PMID 15599673 · doi
- Increases in circulating levels of monocyte-platelet and neutrophil-platelet complexes following hip arthroplasty.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2002 · PMID 11869168
- Cardiopulmonary bypass induces release of soluble CD40 ligand.Circulation · 2002 · PMID 12070112 · doi
- Interleukin-6 and acute coronary syndrome.Clinical cardiology · 2001 · PMID 11714126 · doi
Showing 40 of 60 linked references.