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VLA-4
Pathway / Plaque inflammation

VLA-4

ITGA4protein

VLA-4 (α4β1 integrin) mediates monocyte adhesion to endothelial VCAM-1, promoting leukocyte recruitment and plaque destabilization.

Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationaleMonocyte and leukocyte adhesion via VCAM-1 binding; plaque inflammation.
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates5
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000115232

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)
R — rupture / Type-I
37
C — confounder / Type-II
62
A — assay feasibility
72
E — evidence strength
23
T1DI (composite)
6
Specificity differential (R−C)-24.8
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
No confounder evidence retrieved.
Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)

Literature evidence(1)