PAD4

PADI4protein

Enzyme mediating neutrophil extracellular trap formation, amplifying plaque inflammation and thrombotic burden.

Pathway placement

Cascade stepPlaque inflammation

Confidencehigh

RationalePeptidylarginine deiminase catalyzing histone citrullination and NET formation.

Also acts inPlatelet activation

Druggability

DruggableYes

Known drugs / candidates0

Small-molecule tractableYes

Antibody tractableNo

EnsemblENSG00000159339

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)

R — rupture / Type-I

C — confounder / Type-II

A — assay feasibility

E — evidence strength

T1DI (composite)

Specificity differential (R−C)-2.8

Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)

No confounder evidence retrieved.

Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.

Specimen

Serum or plasma

Collection tube

Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)

Method / principle

Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists

Reagent / substrate

Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)

Platform

ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)

Turnaround · availability

Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)