Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

PCNAprotein

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen marks cellular proliferation in post-infarct healing but is off-pathway to atherothrombotic MI.

Pathway placement

Cascade stepOff-pathway / systemic markers

Confidencelow

RationaleGeneric cell-cycle marker; detected in peri-infarct region but not mechanistically on cascade.

Druggability

Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresType-II-associated

R — rupture / Type-I

—

C — confounder / Type-II

A — assay feasibility

E — evidence strength

T1DI (composite)

Specificity differential (R−C)-40.6

Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)

1sepsis / systemic inflammationn/a

2anemia / acute blood lossmag 2

3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2

4tachyarrhythmian/a

5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a

6hypertensive emergencyn/a

7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1

Coverage: 3/7 confounders with evidence

Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 3 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.

Specimen

Serum or plasma

Collection tube

Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)

Method / principle

Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists

Reagent / substrate

Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)

Platform

ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)

Turnaround · availability

Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)