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Protein S
Pathway / Off-pathway / systemic markers

Protein S

PROS1protein

Protein S deficiency or dysfunction impairs anticoagulation, increasing arterial thrombosis risk independent of plaque-specific mechanisms.

Pathway placement
Cascade stepOff-pathway / systemic markers
Confidencemedium
RationaleVitamin K-dependent anticoagulant; hemostatic balance marker off the acute atherothrombotic cascade.
Also acts inCoagulation / thrombus
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates2
Small-molecule tractableNo
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000184500

Type I vs non-Type I discrimination

ScoresNon-Type-I-associated
R — rupture / Type-I
—
C — non-Type-I
62
A — assay feasibility
72
E — evidence strength
86
T1DI (composite)
16
Specificity differential (R−C)-46.9
Non-Type-I axis panel
Does this marker also move in each non-Type-I setting? mag 0–3; higher means less Type-I-specific. n/a = no evidence retrieved, which is not the same as no change.
2sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossmag 2
2hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
2tachyarrhythmiamag 1
2hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
2hypertensive emergencyn/a
2high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
3sudden cardiac deathmag 2
4aPCI-related periproceduraln/a
4bstent thrombosismag 2
4cin-stent restenosisn/a
5CABG-relatedmag 2
Coverage: 7/12 axes with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 16 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)

Literature evidence(7)