Toll-Like Receptor 4
TLR4proteinTLR4 promotes inflammasome signaling and oxidative stress in atherothrombotic plaque and platelets, driving MI progression.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencehigh
RationalePattern-recognition receptor mediating LPS-induced platelet activation and plaque inflammation in AMI.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates3
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000136869
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength78
T1DI (composite)28
Specificity differential (R−C)0
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmiamag 2
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 5/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 18 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(9)
- Integrative transcriptomic analysis identifies an oxidative stress-associated diagnostic signature for myocardial infarction.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025 · PMID 41222888 · doi
- Identification and characterization of novel ferroptosis-related genes in acute myocardial infarction.Human genomics · 2024 · PMID 39538299 · doi
- The Controversial Role of LPS in Platelet Activation In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022 · PMID 36142813 · doi
- Guanmaitong Granule Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Inflammatory Immune Response in ApoEMice Fed High-Fat Diet.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022 · PMID 36148321 · doi
- The Inflammasome Signaling Pathway Is Actively Regulated and Related to Myocardial Damage in Coronary Thrombi from Patients with STEMI.Mediators of inflammation · 2021 · PMID 34135690 · doi
- The effects of aspirin and ticagrelor on Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated platelet activation: results of a randomized, cross-over trial.Platelets · 2018 · PMID 29869943 · doi
- ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2016 · PMID 27183204 · doi
- Do we know enough about the immune pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes to improve clinical practice?Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2012 · PMID 22872109 · doi
- Pharmacogenomics: a tool to prevent and cure coronary heart disease.Current pharmaceutical design · 2007 · PMID 18220812 · doi
Omics datasets(1)
- PXD033253PRIDECRISPR-Cas9 Editing of TLR4 Improves the Outcome of Cardiac Cell Therapy