Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFAproteinVEGF promotes endothelial repair, angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization following myocardial injury and revascularization therapy.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepEndothelial activation & erosion
Confidencemedium
RationaleEndothelial repair and angiogenesis factor; mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells; mediates post-MI vascular recovery.
Also acts inVascular inflammation, Systemic / off-pathway
Druggability
DruggableYes
Known drugs / candidates14
Small-molecule tractableYes
Antibody tractableYes
EnsemblENSG00000112715
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresType-II-associated
R — rupture / Type-I—
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility72
E — evidence strength50
T1DI (composite)9
Specificity differential (R−C)-51.7
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationn/a
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 3/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 3 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(20)
- Targeted delivery of engineered adipose-derived stem cell secretome to promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025 · PMID 40274072 · doi
- Associations between inflammatory and angiogenic proteomic biomarkers, and cardiovascular events and mortality in relation to kidney function.Clinical kidney journal · 2024 · PMID 38524235 · doi
- The Effect of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Inhibition on Endothelial-Related Biomarkers in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2022 · PMID 36588289 · doi
- Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha enhances the secretome to rejuvenate adult cardiosphere-derived cells.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2021 · PMID 34465468 · doi
- Genome-wide identification of circulating-miRNA expression quantitative trait loci reveals the role of several miRNAs in the regulation of cardiometabolic phenotypes.Cardiovascular research · 2019 · PMID 30715214 · doi
- Angiopoietin-2 and Survival in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2018 · PMID 29618157 · doi
- Inflammatory patterns in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndrome: A propensity score matched analysis.Atherosclerosis · 2018 · PMID 29783063 · doi
- CD163+ macrophages promote angiogenesis and vascular permeability accompanied by inflammation in atherosclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018 · PMID 29457790 · doi
- Endothelium-specific CYP2J2 overexpression improves cardiac dysfunction by promoting angiogenesis via Jagged1/Notch1 signaling.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2018 · PMID 30219518 · doi
- A genomic exploration identifies mechanisms that may explain adverse cardiovascular effects of COX-2 inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2017 · PMID 28860667 · doi
- Identification of gene variants related to the nitric oxide pathway in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Gene · 2015 · PMID 26232608 · doi
- Coronary thrombi neovascularization in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction - clinical and angiographic implications.Thrombosis research · 2014 · PMID 25262107 · doi
- The association of ventricular tachycardia and endothelial dysfunction in the setting of acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2013 · PMID 24253420 · doi
- Human pericytes for ischemic heart repair.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2013 · PMID 23165704 · doi
- Endothelial progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction and sleep-disordered breathing.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2012 · PMID 23155141 · doi
- Human umbilical cord-derived endothelial progenitor cells promote growth cytokines-mediated neorevascularization in rat myocardial infarction.Chinese medical journal · 2009 · PMID 19323906
- Endothelial progenitor cell mobilization after percutaneous coronary intervention.Atherosclerosis · 2006 · PMID 16806234 · doi
- Purified human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stem cells regenerate infarcted myocardium in experimental rats.Cell transplantation · 2005 · PMID 16454353 · doi
- The Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 is expressed in the coronary vasculature after myocardial infarction.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2002 · PMID 12039855 · doi
- Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Circulation · 2001 · PMID 11401930 · doi