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Bilirubin
Pathway / Plaque inflammation

Bilirubin

metabolite

Bilirubin exerts antioxidant and antithrombotic effects, with low levels predicting thrombus burden and adverse outcomes in Type 1 MI.

Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencemedium
RationaleAntioxidant reducing thrombosis; predicts adverse events and thrombus burden in atherosclerotic CAD/STEMI.
Also acts inPlatelet activation
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).

Type I vs non-Type I discrimination

ScoresNon-Type-I-associated
R — rupture / Type-I
—
C — non-Type-I
59
A — assay feasibility
84
E — evidence strength
52
T1DI (composite)
12
Specificity differential (R−C)-44.3
Non-Type-I axis panel
Does this marker also move in each non-Type-I setting? mag 0–3; higher means less Type-I-specific. n/a = no evidence retrieved, which is not the same as no change.
2sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossmag 2
2hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
2tachyarrhythmian/a
2hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
2hypertensive emergencymag 2
2high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
3sudden cardiac deathmag 1
4aPCI-related periproceduralmag 1
4bstent thrombosismag 2
4cin-stent restenosisn/a
5CABG-relatedmag 2
Coverage: 9/12 axes with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 19 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Serum or plasma (protect from light)
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · Lithium heparin (green-top)
Method / principle
Diazo (Jendrassik-Grof) or vanadate oxidation
Reagent / substrate
Diazotized sulfanilic acid → azobilirubin, read 540 nm
Platform
Automated analyzer
Turnaround · availability
Routine · Universal

Literature evidence(5)

Clinical trials(1)