HDL
lipoproteinHDL exerts atheroprotective effects via reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant activity, and endothelial stabilization.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepLipid retention & oxidation
Confidencemedium
RationaleAnti-atherogenic; mitigates lipid retention and inflammation; endothelial protection.
Also acts inVascular inflammation, Endothelial activation/erosion
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresIndeterminate
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II—
A — assay feasibility84
E — evidence strength55
T1DI (composite)27
Specificity differential (R−C)+16.7
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationn/a
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmian/a
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
Coverage: 0/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 2 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · Lithium heparin (green-top)
Method / principle
Direct enzymatic (homogeneous)
Reagent / substrate
Selective detergent + cholesterol esterase/oxidase/peroxidase Trinder
Platform
Automated analyzer
Turnaround · availability
Routine · Universal
Literature evidence(60)
- Structure-function relationships of HDL in diabetes and coronary heart disease.JCI insight · 2020 · PMID 31830004 · doi
- Modified and Dysfunctional Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis: Effectors or Biomarkers?Current medicinal chemistry · 2019 · PMID 29557739 · doi
- Microencapsulated Pomegranate Reverts High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Reduces Postprandial Triglyceridemia in Women with Acute Coronary Syndrome.Nutrients · 2019 · PMID 31349559 · doi
- High-Density Lipoprotein in Lupus: Disease Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2019 · PMID 31350818 · doi
- Cholesterol Acceptors Regulate the Lipidome of Macrophage Foam Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019 · PMID 31382484 · doi
- Modified lipoproteins as biomarkers of atherosclerosis.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2018 · PMID 29293443 · doi
- Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Metabolites and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2018 · PMID 29420958 · doi
- Impact of Lipoproteins on Atherobiology: Emerging Insights.Cardiology clinics · 2018 · PMID 29609748 · doi
- Endocytosis of lipoproteins.Atherosclerosis · 2018 · PMID 29980055 · doi
- Oxidized lipoprotein lipids and atherosclerosis.Free radical research · 2017 · PMID 28412863 · doi
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Redox Signaling: Role in Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2017 · PMID 28817963 · doi
- Angiopoietin-like 3 in lipoprotein metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2017 · PMID 28984319 · doi
- History of lipidology and lipoprotein apheresis.Atherosclerosis. Supplements · 2017 · PMID 29096824 · doi
- [Diabetic dyslipidaemia and the atherosclerosis].Orvosi hetilap · 2016 · PMID 27133274 · doi
- High-density Lipoprotein and Inflammation and Its Significance to Atherosclerosis.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2016 · PMID 27776723 · doi
- Novel methodologies for biomarker discovery in atherosclerosis.European heart journal · 2015 · PMID 26049157 · doi
- Systems Biology Research into Cardiovascular Disease: Contributions of Lipidomics-based Approaches to Biomarker Discovery.Current drug discovery technologies · 2015 · PMID 26135855 · doi
- Can phosphatidylserine enhance atheroprotective activities of high-density lipoprotein?Biochimie · 2015 · PMID 26141129 · doi
- Hepatic Lipase: a Comprehensive View of its Role on Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2015 · PMID 26194979 · doi
- Serum amyloid A: high-density lipoproteins interaction and cardiovascular risk.European heart journal · 2015 · PMID 26248570 · doi
- Lipoproteins as modulators of atherothrombosis: From endothelial function to primary and secondary coagulation.Vascular pharmacology · 2015 · PMID 26545626 · doi
- High-density lipoprotein: vascular protective effects, dysfunction, and potential as therapeutic target.Circulation research · 2014 · PMID 24385510 · doi
- Role of HDL in those with diabetes.Current cardiology reports · 2014 · PMID 25199216
- The influence of glucocorticoids on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde · 2014 · PMID 25363050 · doi
- Unraveling the complexities of the HDL lipidome.Journal of lipid research · 2013 · PMID 23543772 · doi
- Unrecognized diabetes and myocardial necrosis: predictors of hyperglycemia in myocardial infarction.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2013 · PMID 23598457
- High-density lipoproteins. Multifunctional but vulnerable protections from atherosclerosis.Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society · 2013 · PMID 24067275 · doi
- The metabolic and pharmacologic bases for treating atherogenic dyslipidaemia.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2013 · PMID 24840265 · doi
- Associations between incident ischemic stroke events and stroke and cardiovascular disease-related genome-wide association studies single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology study.Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics · 2012 · PMID 22403240 · doi
- [Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2011 · PMID 21226274
- Lipid disorders and their relevance to outcomes in chronic kidney disease.Blood purification · 2011 · PMID 21228589 · doi
- Non-antibacterial tetracyclines modulate mediators of periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a mechanistic link between local and systemic inflammation.Pharmacological research · 2011 · PMID 21771657 · doi
- Blood sphingolipids in homeostasis and pathobiology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2011 · PMID 21910082 · doi
- Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities.Current opinion in lipidology · 2010 · PMID 20581677 · doi
- [Front line of oxidized lipoproteins: role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease risk].Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology · 2010 · PMID 20662275
- Reconstituted HDL in acute coronary syndromes.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2010 · PMID 20840194 · doi
- Lipid and lipoprotein profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2008 · PMID 18418429 · doi
- Lipopolysaccharide associates with pro-atherogenic lipoproteins in periodontitis patients.Innate immunity · 2008 · PMID 18669610 · doi
- Platelet CD36 links hyperlipidemia, oxidant stress and a prothrombotic phenotype.Nature medicine · 2007 · PMID 17721545 · doi
- Aerobic exercise, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease: benefits and possible risks.Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee · 2004 · PMID 15630151 · doi
Showing 40 of 60 linked references.