Lactate
metaboliteLactate elevation reflects myocardial anaerobic metabolism and hypoxia during acute coronary syndrome.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepOff-pathway / systemic markers
Confidencehigh
RationaleACS diagnosis biomarker and myocardial energy-metabolism indicator; off-pathway systemic marker.
Also acts inMyocardial injury
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs non-Type I discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — non-Type-I53
A — assay feasibility96
E — evidence strength86
T1DI (composite)47
Specificity differential (R−C)+13.4
Non-Type-I axis panel
Does this marker also move in each non-Type-I setting? mag 0–3; higher means less Type-I-specific. n/a = no evidence retrieved, which is not the same as no change.
2sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossmag 0
2hypovolemia / dehydrationmag 2
2tachyarrhythmiamag 2
2hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 1
2hypertensive emergencymag 1
2high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
3sudden cardiac deathmag 2
4aPCI-related periproceduralmag 2
4bstent thrombosisn/a
4cin-stent restenosisn/a
5CABG-relatedmag 2
Coverage: 10/12 axes with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 22 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Plasma (fluoride) or whole blood (blood gas)
Collection tube
Sodium fluoride/K-oxalate (grey-top) · Lithium heparin (green-top)
Method / principle
Enzymatic amperometric (blood gas) or colorimetric
Reagent / substrate
Lactate oxidase → H2O2, amperometric or Trinder
Platform
Blood-gas analyzer / POC / chemistry analyzer
Turnaround · availability
STAT · Universal
Literature evidence(4)
- Cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion in pigs and mice increases cardiomyocyte Krüppel-like factor 5 that aggravates tissue injury and remodelling.Cardiovascular research · 2025 · PMID 40079359 · doi
- Greater alterations in atherogenic lipids and inflammatory markers in women during type 2 diabetes development and risk of coronary heart disease-Findings from two population-based studies.Journal of clinical lipidology · 2025 · PMID 40967996 · doi
- GC-MS validation and analysis of targeted plasma metabolites related to carbonyl stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without acute coronary syndrome.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2024 · PMID 38966927 · doi
- A metabonomic study of cardioprotection of ginsenosides, schizandrin, and ophiopogonin D against acute myocardial infarction in rats.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2014 · PMID 25249156 · doi