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miR-499
Pathway / Myocardial injury (shared endpoint)

miR-499

rna

miR-499, cardiac-specific microRNA, is released early in myocardial ischemia and necrosis; elevated levels indicate cardiomyocyte damage and endothelial injury.

Pathway placement
Cascade stepMyocardial injury (shared endpoint)
Confidencehigh
RationaleEarly AMI diagnosis biomarker; cardiac injury marker in ischemia-reperfusion; endothelial injury mediator.
Also acts inEndothelial activation/erosion
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)
R — rupture / Type-I
20
C — confounder / Type-II
43
A — assay feasibility
50
E — evidence strength
16
T1DI (composite)
3
Specificity differential (R−C)-22.5
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
No confounder evidence retrieved.
Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Whole blood or cell-free plasma
Collection tube
PAXgene/Tempus RNA tube · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
RT-qPCR (TaqMan) or small-RNA sequencing
Reagent / substrate
Target-specific primers/probe; reverse transcriptase (miRNA: stem-loop RT primer)
Platform
qPCR instrument / NGS
Turnaround · availability
Research / send-out · Research (few LDTs)

Literature evidence(6)