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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Pathway / Plaque inflammation

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

other

mtDNA released from injured cells activates pattern-recognition receptors to trigger innate immune activation and plaque inflammation in atherosclerosis.

Pathway placement
Cascade stepPlaque inflammation
Confidencemedium
RationaleReleased from damaged cells; acts as a DAMP (danger-associated molecular pattern) to trigger innate inflammation and atherosclerosis progression.
Also acts inMyocardial injury
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I
67
C — confounder / Type-II
50
A — assay feasibility
45
E — evidence strength
28
T1DI (composite)
7
Specificity differential (R−C)+16.7
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmiamag 1
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1
Coverage: 4/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 8 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.

Assay & specimen

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST)
Method / principle
Method depends on analyte chemistry
Reagent / substrate
Analyte-specific
Platform
Variable
Turnaround · availability
Research · Research

Literature evidence(3)