Oxidized LDL
lipoproteinOxidized LDL drives plaque formation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in atherothrombotic disease.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepLipid retention & oxidation
Confidencehigh
RationaleAnchor molecule; oxidative modification of retained lipoprotein initiates atherogenesis.
Also acts inVascular inflammation, Endothelial activation/erosion
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — confounder / Type-II67
A — assay feasibility82
E — evidence strength86
T1DI (composite)35
Specificity differential (R−C)0
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
4tachyarrhythmiamag 2
5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 2
6hypertensive emergencyn/a
7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 2
Coverage: 4/7 confounders with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 16 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Validated clinical assay
Specimen
Serum or plasma (EDTA to limit ex-vivo oxidation)
Collection tube
K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top) · Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST)
Method / principle
Sandwich ELISA
Reagent / substrate
mAb 4E6 (or anti-oxLDL) capture + anti-apoB detection
Platform
ELISA plate
Turnaround · availability
Research/send-out · Research/CE
Literature evidence(60)
- Role of Ox-LDL and LOX-1 in Atherogenesis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2019 · PMID 29737246 · doi
- Modified lipoproteins as biomarkers of atherosclerosis.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2018 · PMID 29293443 · doi
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein in inflammation-driven thrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2018 · PMID 29316215 · doi
- Pinocembrin protects endothelial cells from oxidized LDL-induced injury.Cytokine · 2018 · PMID 29914794 · doi
- Oxidized LDL and anti-oxidized LDL antibodies in atherosclerosis - Novel insights and future directions in diagnosis and therapy<sup/>.Trends in cardiovascular medicine · 2018 · PMID 29934015 · doi
- Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2017 · PMID 28428482 · doi
- Regulation of oxidized platelet lipidome: implications for coronary artery disease.European heart journal · 2017 · PMID 28431006 · doi
- LOX-1-Mediated Effects on Vascular Cells in Atherosclerosis.Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology · 2016 · PMID 27160316 · doi
- The enigmatic membrane fatty acid transporter CD36: New insights into fatty acid binding and their effects on uptake of oxidized LDL.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2016 · PMID 27288302 · doi
- Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor (LOX-1): A Chameleon Receptor for Oxidized LDL.Biochemistry · 2016 · PMID 27419271 · doi
- [Development of Novel Diagnostic Agents for Atherosclerosis Using Fluorescence-labeled Peptides].Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan · 2016 · PMID 27725385 · doi
- Lipoproteins as modulators of atherothrombosis: From endothelial function to primary and secondary coagulation.Vascular pharmacology · 2015 · PMID 26545626 · doi
- Vitamin A Decreases Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients with Atherosclerosis.Immunological investigations · 2015 · PMID 26700065 · doi
- Vinpocetine attenuates lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis formation.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2013 · PMID 23583194 · doi
- Electronegative LDL: a circulating modified LDL with a role in inflammation.Mediators of inflammation · 2013 · PMID 24062611 · doi
- Soluble lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 as a biochemical marker for atherosclerosis-related diseases.Disease markers · 2013 · PMID 24198442 · doi
- Lymphocytes in atherosclerosis.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2012 · PMID 22565046 · doi
- Modified lipoproteins provide lipids that modulate dendritic cell immune function.Biochimie · 2012 · PMID 22959067 · doi
- [Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2011 · PMID 21226274
- Lipid disorders and their relevance to outcomes in chronic kidney disease.Blood purification · 2011 · PMID 21228589 · doi
- Oxidized LDL, LOX-1 and atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2011 · PMID 21947818 · doi
- Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities.Current opinion in lipidology · 2010 · PMID 20581677 · doi
- [Front line of oxidized lipoproteins: role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease risk].Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology · 2010 · PMID 20662275
- Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein: a biomarker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk?Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2009 · PMID 19099526 · doi
- Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in atherogenesis: a brief review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2009 · PMID 19601801 · doi
- Circulating oxidized LDL: a biomarker and a pathogenic factor.Current opinion in lipidology · 2009 · PMID 19625960 · doi
- Vaccination using oxidized low-density lipoprotein-pulsed dendritic cells reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice.Cardiovascular research · 2009 · PMID 19819882 · doi
- IL-33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2008 · PMID 18268038 · doi
- New and emerging risk factors for CVD.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2008 · PMID 18412996 · doi
- Lipid and lipoprotein profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2008 · PMID 18418429 · doi
- Impact of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein removal on atherosclerosis.Circulation · 2008 · PMID 18559699 · doi
- Oxidation of LDL and its clinical implication.Autoimmunity reviews · 2008 · PMID 18625445 · doi
- [Molecular pathology in atherosclerosis: the mechanism by which cholesteryl ester accumulates in atheromatous aorta].Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan · 2008 · PMID 18827461 · doi
- Plasma levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein are associated with stable angina pectoris and modalities of acute coronary syndrome.International heart journal · 2008 · PMID 18971563 · doi
- Atherothrombosis: role of tissue factor; link between diabetes, obesity and inflammation.Indian journal of experimental biology · 2007 · PMID 17249334
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein: a double-edged sword on atherosclerosis.Medical hypotheses · 2007 · PMID 17368957 · doi
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein biomarkers in atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2006 · PMID 16455015 · doi
- Oxidized LDL induces a coordinated up-regulation of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems in human macrophages.Atherosclerosis · 2005 · PMID 16046214 · doi
- Oxidized LDL/beta2-glycoprotein I complexes: new aspects in atherosclerosis.Lupus · 2005 · PMID 16218478 · doi
- The role of LOX-1, a novel lectin-like receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein, in atherosclerosis.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2004 · PMID 15309203
Showing 40 of 60 linked references.
Clinical trials(2)
- Effect of Ezetimibe on Oxidized LDL CholesterolNCT01008345 · PHASE4 · COMPLETED · ezetimibe
- Oxidized LDL, Oxidized LDL Receptor 1 (OLR1) Gene Polymorphism With Oxygen Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction.NCT03830138 · UNKNOWN · Oxidized-LDL gene polymorphism