Prothrombin Fragment 1+2
proteinProthrombin fragment 1+2 is released during tissue-factor-triggered coagulation, indicating thrombin generation during coronary thrombosis.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepCoagulation & thrombus formation
Confidencehigh
RationaleF1+2 is a direct product of Factor Xa activation of prothrombin; anchoring marker of thrombin generation.
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs Type II discrimination
ScoresLow-confidence (proxy)
R — rupture / Type-I91
C — confounder / Type-II72
A — assay feasibility68
E — evidence strength35
T1DI (composite)14
Specificity differential (R−C)+19.2
Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)
No confounder evidence retrieved.
Tier: light (literature co-occurrence proxy — lower confidence). See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.
Specimen
Serum or plasma
Collection tube
Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top)
Method / principle
Sandwich immunoassay (ELISA) — research-grade unless a cleared assay exists
Reagent / substrate
Matched anti-target antibody pair (capture + labeled detection)
Platform
ELISA microplate or multiplex (Luminex/MSD)
Turnaround · availability
Send-out / research · Research-grade (no universal clinical assay)
Literature evidence(24)
- Coagulation Markers and Myocardial Blush Grade in STEMI: Identifying Potential Predictors of Microvascular Reperfusion.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis · 2026 · PMID 41549721 · doi
- Biomarkers of Thrombosis in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Substudy of the ATOLL Trial Comparing Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2018 · PMID 30144017 · doi
- Urinary prothrombin fragment 1+2 in patients with venous thrombosis and myocardial infarction.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2013 · PMID 23263991 · doi
- Platelet depletion, platelet activation and coagulation during treatment with hemodialysis.Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation · 2011 · PMID 21303224 · doi
- Is fibrin formation and thrombin generation increased during and after an acute coronary syndrome?Thrombosis research · 2011 · PMID 21496882 · doi
- Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet activation in patients undergoing open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Journal of vascular surgery · 2011 · PMID 21684711 · doi
- Effect of apixaban, an oral and direct factor Xa inhibitor, on coagulation activity biomarkers following acute coronary syndrome.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2010 · PMID 20806117 · doi
- Active tissue factor and activated factor XI in circulating blood of patients with systolic heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej · 2010 · PMID 20864906
- Thrombin activity throughout the acute phase of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and the relation to outcome.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2009 · PMID 19552570 · doi
- Assessment of markers of thrombin generation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation.Clinical cardiology · 2006 · PMID 16649726 · doi
- Plasma markers of activated hemostasis in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2006 · PMID 16696962 · doi
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, natural coagulation inhibitors and hemostatic activation markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes.Saudi medical journal · 2005 · PMID 15983678
- Coagulation indicators in chronic stable effort angina and unstable angina: relationship with acute phase reactants and clinical outcome.Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis · 2002 · PMID 11943939 · doi
- Inflammation, fibrinogen and thrombin generation in patients with previous myocardial infarction.Haematologica · 2002 · PMID 12091125
- Thrombogenesis in sickle cell disease.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2001 · PMID 11385360 · doi
- Coagulation activity and clinical outcome in unstable coronary artery disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2001 · PMID 11397720 · doi
- Relationships between homocysteine, factor VIIa, and thrombin generation in acute coronary syndromes.Circulation · 2000 · PMID 10653827 · doi
- Prognostic significance of elevated hemostatic markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1999 · PMID 10334421 · doi
- Study on the hypercoagulable state in patients with angina and myocardial infarction.Journal of Tongji Medical University = Tong ji yi ke da xue xue bao · 1998 · PMID 10806795 · doi
- Low-molecular weight heparin reduces the generation and activity of thrombin in unstable coronary artery disease.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 1998 · PMID 9531028
- Useful laboratory tests for studying thrombogenesis in acute cardiac syndromes.Clinical chemistry · 1998 · PMID 9702994
- Procoagulant and proinflammatory activity in acute coronary syndromes.Cardiovascular research · 1998 · PMID 9893733 · doi
- Complete heparin-coated (CBAS) cardiopulmonary bypass and reduced systemic heparin dose; effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 1996 · PMID 8817142 · doi
- Thrombin generation and activity during thrombolysis and concomitant heparin therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 1995 · PMID 7798503 · doi