Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein
lipoproteinVLDL, an apoB-containing atherogenic lipoprotein, accumulates in the arterial intima where it undergoes oxidative modification, initiating atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Pathway placement
Cascade stepLipid retention & oxidation
Confidencehigh
RationaleApoB-containing atherogenic particle; retained in arterial intima and subject to oxidative modification.
Druggability
Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).
Type I vs non-Type I discrimination
ScoresShared / rises in both
R — rupture / Type-I67
C — non-Type-I50
A — assay feasibility82
E — evidence strength46
T1DI (composite)22
Specificity differential (R−C)+17
Non-Type-I axis panel
Does this marker also move in each non-Type-I setting? mag 0–3; higher means less Type-I-specific. n/a = no evidence retrieved, which is not the same as no change.
2sepsis / systemic inflammationn/a
2anemia / acute blood lossn/a
2hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a
2tachyarrhythmian/a
2hypoxemia / respiratory failuren/a
2hypertensive emergencyn/a
2high-demand / peri-operative stressn/a
3sudden cardiac deathmag 1
4aPCI-related periproceduraln/a
4bstent thrombosisn/a
4cin-stent restenosismag 2
5CABG-relatedn/a
Coverage: 2/12 axes with evidence
Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 4 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.
Assay & specimen
Specialized reference method
Specimen
Serum or plasma (EDTA)
Collection tube
K2/K3-EDTA (lavender-top) · Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST)
Method / principle
NMR lipoprotein particle analysis or density-gradient ultracentrifugation
Reagent / substrate
No chemical reagent — NMR spectral deconvolution of lipid methyl signals (or ultracentrifugal separation by density)
Platform
NMR (LabCorp NMR LipoProfile) / analytical ultracentrifuge
Turnaround · availability
Send-out · Specialized reference lab
Literature evidence(21)
- Bioactive lipids in plasma and atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins: Effects of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors and relevance to residual cardiovascular risk.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026 · PMID 42162924 · doi
- Association of lipoprotein subfractions with incidence of type 2 diabetes among five U.S. Race and Ethnic groups: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and Multi-Ethnic study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023 · PMID 37777016 · doi
- Association of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Individuals With and Without Atherosclerosis: Distinguishing Between Particle Concentration, Type, and Content.JAMA cardiology · 2022 · PMID 34773460 · doi
- Atherogenic lipidomics profile in healthy individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness: The HUNT3 fitness study.Atherosclerosis · 2022 · PMID 35101845 · doi
- A study on serum homocysteine and oxidized LDL as markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with overt hypothyroidism.Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation · 2022 · PMID 35179003 · doi
- A plasmon resonance-inspired discriminator unscrambles lipoprotein subtypes.The Analyst · 2022 · PMID 35642963 · doi
- Circulating metabolites associated with incident myocardial infarction and stroke: A prospective cohort study of 90 438 participants.Journal of neurochemistry · 2022 · PMID 35762284 · doi
- The PNPLA3-I148M Variant Confers an Antiatherogenic Lipid Profile in Insulin-resistant Patients.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021 · PMID 33064150 · doi
- Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Remnants and Cardiovascular Disease.Clinical chemistry · 2021 · PMID 33409533 · doi
- Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Metabolites and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2018 · PMID 29420958 · doi
- Remnant lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2018 · PMID 30553862 · doi
- Lipoproteins as modulators of atherothrombosis: From endothelial function to primary and secondary coagulation.Vascular pharmacology · 2015 · PMID 26545626 · doi
- The influence of glucocorticoids on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde · 2014 · PMID 25363050 · doi
- Unrecognized diabetes and myocardial necrosis: predictors of hyperglycemia in myocardial infarction.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2013 · PMID 23598457
- Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the NADH-mediated TCA cycle and energy metabolism disorders based on a new model of chronic progressive heart failure.Molecular bioSystems · 2013 · PMID 24108264 · doi
- The metabolic and pharmacologic bases for treating atherogenic dyslipidaemia.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2013 · PMID 24840265 · doi
- [Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis].Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2011 · PMID 21226274
- Lipid disorders and their relevance to outcomes in chronic kidney disease.Blood purification · 2011 · PMID 21228589 · doi
- Blood sphingolipids in homeostasis and pathobiology.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2011 · PMID 21910082 · doi
- Lipoprotein size and susceptibility to atherosclerosis--insights from genetically modified mouse models.Current drug targets · 2008 · PMID 18336235 · doi
- Lipopolysaccharide associates with pro-atherogenic lipoproteins in periodontitis patients.Innate immunity · 2008 · PMID 18669610 · doi