Malondialdehyde

metabolite

MDA is generated by lipid peroxidation and reflects both LDL oxidation and oxidative damage to the endothelial glycocalyx.

Pathway placement

Cascade stepLipid retention & oxidation

Confidencehigh

RationaleLipid peroxidation end-product; marks oxidative LDL modification and endothelial injury in smoking.

Also acts inVascular inflammation, Endothelial activation/erosion

Druggability

Not assessed (no mapped human gene target).

Type I vs Type II discrimination

ScoresIndeterminate

R — rupture / Type-I

—

C — confounder / Type-II

A — assay feasibility

E — evidence strength

T1DI (composite)

Specificity differential (R−C)-25

Confounder panel (Type-II drivers)

1sepsis / systemic inflammationmag 2

2anemia / acute blood lossn/a

3hypovolemia / dehydrationn/a

4tachyarrhythmiamag 1

5hypoxemia / respiratory failuremag 1

6hypertensive emergencymag 1

7high-demand / peri-operative stressmag 1

Coverage: 5/7 confounders with evidence

Tier: deep-scored (abstract-extracted) · 27 supporting references. See the discrimination table for all markers.

Class-level default (no specific cleared assay)— generic method inferred from analyte class; confirm against a specific product insert before use.

Specimen

Serum, plasma or urine

Collection tube

Serum separator (gold/red-top, SST) · Lithium heparin (green-top) · Sterile urine container

Method / principle

LC-MS/MS (targeted metabolomics) or enzymatic colorimetric where available

Reagent / substrate

Stable-isotope-labeled internal standard (MS); or enzyme-coupled Trinder reagent

Platform

LC-MS/MS; some automated chemistry

Turnaround · availability

Send-out / research · Specialized / research